THE BAEYER-VILLIGER OXIDATION OF KETONES INTO ESTERS AND LACTONES IS AN IMPORTANT TRANSFORMATION IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS [1], PARTICULARLY FOR RING-EXPANSION IN THE SYNTHESIS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AND THE PREPARATION OF MONOMERS FOR POLYMERIZATION. THE MOST COMMON REAGENTS FOR PERFORMING THESE TRANSFORMATIONS ARE ORGANIC PERACIDS SUCH AS MCHLOROPERBENZOIC ACID OR TRIFLUOROPERACETIC ACID. HOWEVER, THE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THESE REAGENTS HAVE PROMPTED THE SEARCH FOR ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES, SUCH AS THE USE OF CATALYSTS THAT ACTIVATE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE OR DIOXYGEN [2], WHICH CIRCUMVENT BOTH THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE CLASSICAL BAEYER-VILLIGER OXIDATION. WE REPORT HERE THAT ZEOLITE HA IN PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IS A GOOD ALTERNATIVE IN THE BAEYER-VILLIGER REACTION SINCE IT IS INEXPENSIVE AND SAFE. OUR REAGENT EFFICIENTLY OXIDIZES A VARIETY OF KETONES TO THE CORRESPONDING ESTERS OR LACTONES IN QUANTITATIVE YIELDS. THIS METHOD ALSO AVOIDS HYDROLYSIS OF THE REACTION PRODUCTS.

GEM-DIHYDROPEROXIDES AS A CLASS OF ORGANIC PEROXIDES ARE STABLE DERIVATIVES OF KETONES AND ALDEHYDES. SYNTHESIS OF GEM-DIHYDROPEROXIDES ARE IMPORTANT BECAUSE THESE COMPOUNDS ARE INTERMEDIATES IN SYNTHESIS OF SOME BIOORGANIC ACTIVE PEROXIDES, SUCH AS PEROXIDIC ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS. IN ADDITION, SOME ORGANIC PEROXIDES HAVE BEEN UTILIZED AS THE RADICAL INITIATORS IN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES. ALSO, RECENTLY GEM-DIHYDROPEROXIDES HAVE BEEN USED AS POWERFUL OXIDIZING AGENTS IN MANY ORGANIC REACTIONS.IN THIS WORK, CHLOROSULFONIC ACID (CLSO3H) HAS BEEN USED AS A NOVEL AND EFFICIENT CATALYST FOR CONVERSION OF DIFFERENT ALDEHYDES AND KETONE (AROMATIC AND ALIPHATIC) TO THEIR CORRESPONDING GEM-DIHYDROPEROXIDE FOR THE FIRST TIME (SCHEME 1). ALSO, WE CATALYZED THIS REACTION BY TARTARIC ACID AS AN INEXPENSIVE AND GREEN CATALYST. THE REACTIONS HAVE BEEN PRECEDED UNDER MILD CONDITIONS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE IN HIGH YIELDS AND GOOD PURITY. THE TIME OF REACTIONS WAS NOTABLE. THE STRUCTURE OF OBTAINED PRODUCTS HAVE BEEN CONFIRMED BY FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED (FT-IR) AND PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (1H NMR) SPECTROSCOPY. IN ADDITION, AMOUNT OF PEROXIDE IN PRODUCTS HAVE BEEN DETERMINED BY MANGANOMETRY AND IODOMETRY TITRATION.

THE CYANATION REACTION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT METHODS TO OBTAIN POLY-FUNCTIONAL MOLECULES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. CYANOHYDRINS OR CYANOHYDRIN TRIMETHYLSILYL ETHERS ARE USEFUL BUIDING BLOCKS AND HIGHLY VERSATILE SYNTHETIC INTERMEDIATES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS [.1]....

1, 2-DIKETONES HAVE RECEIVED A GREAT DEAL OF ATTENTION BECAUSE OF THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS SUCH AS PHOTOSENSITIVE AGENTS AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS IN ORGANIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY. OXIDATION OF A-HYDROXYL KETONES DERIVATIVES WITH AN OXIDIZING AGENT IS A COMMON METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF...

BACKGROUND: THE MANNICH REACTION HAS NUMEROUS APPLICATIONS IN SYNTHETIC CHEMISTRY [1]. THE MOST FREQUENTLY USED PROMOTERS LIKE LEWIS AND BRØNSTED ACID, LEWIS BASE, RARE METAL SALT, AND ORGANOCATALYSTS HAVE BEEN REPORTED FOR MANNICH REACTION. MOST OF THESE METHODS SUFFER FROM SEVERE DRAWBACKS INCLUDING THE USE OF LARGE AMOUNT OF CATALYSTS, EXPENSIVE REAGENTS OR CATALYSTS, HARSH REACTION CONDITIONS AND DIFFICULTY IN PRODUCT SEPARATION, SOMETIMES LONG REACTION TIME, AND LOW YIELD, ETC. HENCE, THERE IS HIGH INTEREST IN DEVELOPING NEW CONVENIENT METHODS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF B-AMINO CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. PRESENTLY, ORGANIC REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS MEDIA HAVE ATTRACTED THE ATTENTION OF RESEARCHERS BECAUSE OF THE ADDED ADVANTAGES OF WATER AS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN AND ECONOMICALLY AFFORDABLE SOLVENT [2]. THIS PAPER FOCUSES ON THE ABILITY OF ULTRASOUND TO CAUSE EFFICIENT MIXING OF HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS IN SDS MICELLAR MEDIA.

FOR THE PAST CENTURY, CLASSICAL METHODS FOR THE FORMATION OF PYRIDINES HAVE BEEN USED EXTENSIVELY. SUCH METHODS INCLUDE THE CONDENSATION OF ENAMINOKETONES ORB -KETOESTERS WITH 1, 3-DIKETONES [1]...