In this research, rainbow trout spennatozoa quality was evaluated. Males were selected into three categories of Fhirozkoh, Fhirozkoh fhotoperiodical, Damavand, each with twenty males. Specific differences between categories were found in male weight and spenn volume. With categories division into weighty category, less than 1000g, between 1000 and more than l500g, were found that category number two and it's weighty under category number one had more quality than other stocks. Midling total length, weight and condithon factor of male, spermatozoa percent and duration of movement, sperm volume and concentration, normal spermatozoa percent were respectively; 40.125cm ,1215g,0.0181772 g/cm3, %100, 39.375s, 29.125cc, 5.58687 x 109N/ml and %100.Male length, weight and sperm volume were negatively correlated with their condition factor, duration of movement spermatozoa and sperm concentration, i.e with increase to male length 1.375 cm and weight 127.5 g, decrease of duration of movement 3.25s and sperm concentration 1.16562 x 109 N/ml, increase to sperm volume 5.625cc.

Probiotic is considered as a remedy to solve disease problem in shrimp aquaculture. Shrimp body and environment bacterial flora are recommended as reliable source for extracting of beneficial bacteria. Therefore, 5000 pieces of post larvae of Penaeus monodon were distributed equally in 4 tanks in probiotic and antibiotic free condition up to juvenile. Then microbiological samples from digestive system, muscles, body surface, rearing water and tank sediment were inoculated onto the selective media plates. Incident of total bacteria, Vibrio, Pseudomonas and Entrobacteriaceae were evaluated in different body parts and rearing environment of shrimp. The highest bacteria count for total bacteria, Vibrio, Pseudomonas was occurred in sediment followed by digestive system. No Entrobacteriaceae was observed from all samples. Isolated bacteria were identified and placed in 7 genera consisted of Vibrio, Shewanella, Burkholderia, Clavibacter, Staphylococcus, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, while one genus remained unidentified. Genus Shewanella exhibited highest frequent bacteria in digestive system of P. monodon which may be indicated its ability to colonization in digestive system. Shewanella algae was selected from whole isolated bacteria as candidate probiotic via well plate diffusion technique and cross streak antagonistic test against Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. It was able to digest lipid and protein in tributyrin agar and skim milk agar.

Co-feeding of fish larvae with live food and formulated diet has been at the focus of fish nutritionists since last decade. In this study we tried to refine the feeding practices of great beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) larvae using different combinations of newly hatched Artemia urmiana nauplii and trout starter diet. Three replicate groups (250 fish/replicate) of first-feeding Huso huso larvae were fed on the basis of four main feeding regimens: (1) live food (live nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia urmiana); (2) indirect transition (5 days live food followed by gradual transition to formulated diet); (3) direct transition (using different combinations of live and formulated diet from start feeding); (4) formulated feed (FD). It was found that combining live food and manufactured diets (co-feeding) from first feeding stage (direct transition) significantly improves the weight gain in H. huso larvae followed by indirect transition, live food and FD. But survival was significantly higher in larvae fed on pure live food and direct transition regimens compared to indirect transition and FD. It was concluded that co-feeding of H. huso could be started immediately from commencement of exogenous feeding.

For evaluating the electrolyzed water (EW) in disinfection of fertile egg in Hatchery, 120 fertile eggs were prepared. The eggs after challenge with standard strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were divided into 5 groups. Group 1, 2 and 3 were disinfected with acidic, basic and neutral EW, respectively. The eggs in group 4 were disinfected with formaldehyde gas, conventionally. The eggs in group 5 as control group were sprayed with sterile water. From each group, 6 eggs after challenge and disinfection were utilized for counting of E. coli. All eggs in Hatchery were incubated and after 21 days, the hatchability and chick weight were determined. Unhatched embryos for determination of E. coli contamination were cultured. Results showed, disinfection of fertile eggs with acidic EW have same result as formaldehyde gas, while basic and neutral EW in comparing with control could decrease microbial load on fertile eggs. In overall, acidic EW could be used in disinfection of fertile eggs in Hatchery.

Water molds are assumed as one of the most important injurious microorganisms to fish egg production procedure, while, fungal infection can extensively destroy the fish eggs in hatcheries. The aim of this study was to evaluate antifungal effect of ozone and formalin on prevention of fungal infection on Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and increasing the hatching ratio. Effects of 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1 ppm of ozone and 1000 ppm of formalin were examined on hatching ratio. Egg disinfection by 1000 ppm formalin resulted in the greatest hatching ratio (74%) among all treatments. Among ozone treatments, 0.1 ppm showed the highest hatching ratio (71.4%) and there was not a significant difference among ozone treatments (P>0.05). Hatching ratio of the control group (without disinfectant) was 56.2%, and there was a significant difference (P<0.05) with other treatments. Ozone is preferred to formalin and can be considered as one of the favorable disinfectants, because of a lower concentration of ozone required to disinfect the culture medium, consequently, environmental pollution will be decreased. Comparison of both disinfectants showed that ozone almost revealed the equal effect on hatching ratio but with the proportion of 1:10000 to formalin (with the dose of 0.1 and 1000 ppm ozone and formalin, respectively).

This research was conducted to investigate effect of turkey egg position in storeroom, prior to hatching, and egg position in Hatchery on fertility and hatching traits of eggs. The statistical method was 2×2 factorial arrangement in randomized
complete block design. In this research, eggs from one breeding house of turkey research station of Iran (Tatar station) were divided daily into four groups for four mounts. Then the eggs disinfected and stored in two positions, small end up and small end down, in storeroom at 15-18 degrees centigrade and 50-60 % humidity. In seventh day, all of weekly produced eggs were transferred to incubator separately and simultaneously. In the last three days of hatching, in the time of transferring to Hatchery, similar treatments were put in two horizontal and vertical positions in Hatchery. The results showed that fertility and hatchability was differed significantly for month of egg production as block (P<0. 001). Storage of egg in the position of small end up increased hatchability of fertile eggs (P>0. 05). Egg position as small end down in the late three days improved eggs hatchability and decreased losses (P>0. 05). Interaction of small end up eggs position in storeroom and small end down eggs position on Hatchery increased eggs hatchability up to 7. 2 % (P<0. 05). In addition to recommending more research on effect of egg position in storeroom and Hatchery on egg hatchability traits, small end up storage of eggs in storeroom and small end down in Hatchery are suggested to increase the efficiency and outcome of Hatchery units.

The effects of feeding frequency on growth rate, food conversion ratio (FCR) and survival in juvenile beluga sturgeon were studied through two phases of rearing. 360 beluga fingerlings with an average weight of 20.51±0.33g were reared through a period of 60 days in the first phase and about 180 fingerlings with an average weight of 77.55±1.18g were reared through a period of 95 days in the second phase in fiberglass tanks (500 L) with a water flow rate of 0.2 L/sec under similar conditions of rearing (dissolved oxygen, light, water velocity, etc.). Three different feeding frequencies were used for each phase (3, 5 and 8 times feeding per day) with three replicates.It was evident from the results obtained from the first experimental phase that with an increase in feeding frequency there was an increase in growth rate, weight increase percentage and specific growth rate as well as a decrease in FCR value. However no significant differences were observed in the three group~ studied (P>0.05). Whereas in the second phase of study significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in the parameters studied (length, weight and FCR) in the third study group (with 8 times feeding per day) at the end of study period: We may therefore conclude that growth rate, nutritional uptake and social behavior of each fish species are dependent on its feeding frequency.

Total of 270 quail fertile eggs were set in Hatchery. Experimental groups including: Negative control (neither received probiotic treatment nor challenged by Salmonella), positive control (challenged by Salmonella but not probiotic treatment) and 7 in Hatchery administration methods: in ovo injection, spray, oral gavage, cloacal drinking (cloacal inoculation), cloacal drinking - in ovo injection, cloacal drinking- spray and cloacal drinking - oral gavage. Each group included 15 day old chicks. All chicks were challenged by 1.75104 cfu / ml Salmonella eneteritidis using oral gavage except negative control 36 h post probiotic treatment. 12 chicks from each group were euthanized by CO2 inhalation 24 h postchallange. Cecal tonsil aseptically collected and colonisation of Salmonella were probed using culture technique. The spray method significantly reduced Salmonella enteritidis colonization (P<0.01). On 8th day higher BW were observed in oral group (P<0.05). The administration methods were significantly effective on the liver and bursa of Fabricius weight (P<0.05). In conclusion probiotic administration using spray on quails day old chicks were the most effective in prevention of Salmonella colonization.

Esox luciusis an economically important freshwater species. Mitochondrial cytb, 12SrRNA, and 16SrRNA gene sequences were used in order to clarify the genetic variation and population structure in threeE. Lucius populations, i.e., one Wild population (W) and two Hatchery populations (Hatchery Population I-HPI and Hatchery Population II-HPII). A total of 55 individuals, with 19 from wild and 18 from each Hatchery population, were sequenced. The results are as follows: 1) cytb. Eleven variable sites defined eight distinct haplotypes, with 1137 base pairs (bp) complete cytb sequences. The nucleotide diversity ( p) values were W 0.009%, HPI 0.075% and HPII 0.068%, respectively. Genetic distances within and between populations were both between 0 and 0.1%. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) analysis revealed that variation within populations accounts for 98.49% of total variation.2) 12SrRNA. We obtained 380 bp consensus 12SrRNA sequence and found little variation among the 55 sequences.3) 16SrRNA. Twelve variable sites defined seven haplotypes, with 519 bp consensus 16SrRNA sequence. Theπvalues were W 0.041%, HPI 0.310% and HPII 0.021%, respectively. Genetic distances were between 0 and 0.3% within populations and from 0 to 0.2% between populations. AMOVA disclosed that variation within populations accounts for 91.79% of total variation. Variation within populations is the main source of total variation. The results suggest that low genetic variation can be found in both wild and Hatchery populations of E. lucius, and the effect of genetic drift and adaptation to culture conditions gradually emerged under only two generations’ artificial cultivation.