Objective: Identification of the infecting virus genotype has become relevant in the investigation of many aspects of HCV infection, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, and response to antiviral therapy.  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HCV genotypes in Khuzestan province. Subjects and Methods: Two hundred and eighty patients (188 men and 92 women; mean age 33±9.2 years) with chronic hepatitis C infection were included. Type-specific Multiplex nested-PCR for HCV Genotyping was used.Results: The genotypes 1a, 1b, 3a and 1a+1b were present in 46.4% (130), 16.1% (45), 35.4% (99) and 2.1% (6) of the patients, respectively. The genotypes 2a and 2b were not found in the study population. Furthermore, was no significant correlation was found among HCV genotype frequency with gender or age of the patients. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the dominant HCV genotype among hepatitis C patients living Khuzestan province is 1a.

High density linkage maps are essential for precise mapping of gene loci controlling quantitative traits. In the present study, a high density linkage map of spring wheat recombinant inbred lines population derived from a cross between Yecora Rojo and No. 49 was constructed using Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) method. To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), sequencing of parents and recombinant inbred lines was carried out at three lanes of Illumina Hiseq 2500. In total, more than 36 thousand SNP were identified of which 804 SNPs were not aligned to any wheat chromosome. Among these SNPs, 3042, 3977 and 769 SNPs were belonged to A, B and D sub genomes, respectively. After removing SNPs with ≥ 20% missing data and minimum allele frequency ≤ 0. 05 as well as loci segregating from 1: 1 Mendelian ratio, in total 5831 polymorphic SNPs identified and assigned to 21 chromosomes of wheat. These markers spanned 3642. 14 cM of the wheat genome with an average marker density of 0. 62 (markers/cM).

Background and Purpose: Candida parapsilosis is a predominant species found in nosocomial infection, particularly in hospitalized patients. The molecular epidemiology of the clinical strains of this species has not been well studied. The present study was performed with the aim of investigating the microsatellite Genotyping of Candida parapsilosis among the Iranian clinical isolates.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 81 independent clinical C. parapsilosis isolates that were genotyped by using a panel of six microsatellite markers.Results: The short tandem repeat (STR) typing of clinical C. parapsilosis isolates demonstrated 68 separate genotypes, among which 57 genotypes were observed once and the remaining 11 cases were identified for multiple times. The Simpson’s diversity index for the panel of combined six markers yielded a diversity index of 0.9951. The heterogeneity was observed among the Iranian and the Netherlands clinical C. parapsilosis isolates.Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the clinical C. parapsilosis isolates from Iran showed a high genetic diversity. It can be concluded that molecular epidemiology could be useful for screening during outbreak investigation where C. parapsilosis is involved.

Background and Objective: MIRU-VNTR typing is currently one of the most frequently-used standardized Genotyping systems in molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in the world. This sudy was done to determine the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotyping by MIRU-VNTR method.Methods: This descriptive study was done on sputum, gastric lavage clinical specimens of 53 tuberculosis suspected patients. Fifty-three isolates were identified by 16S rRNA and Rv-typing followed by RD typing. They were then subjected to a 12-locus (ETRA, ETRB, ETRC, ETRD, ETRE and ETRF, MIRU-10, MIRU-26, MIRU-39, MIRU-30 plus QUB-11b) MIRU-VNTR typing system.Results: In MIRU-VNTR typing, forty-four types were identified with 13 isolates classified in 4 clustered and the remaining 40 isolates representing 40 orphan patterns. In comparative analysis of MIRU-VNTR loci, MIRU-26 with 7 alleles displayed the highest diversity level (Simpson’s diversity index = 0.767.Out of the 53 isolates, only one was identified as Mycobacterium bovis. All the remaining isolates were characterized as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. None of the samples was affected to Mycobacterium complex strain. No evidence of either double or co-infection of the patients with more than one species/strain was detected.Conclusion: While the genomic diversity observed by MIRU-VNTR typing sounds extensive, the population genomic structure on the whole however, seems to be homogenous. Recent transmission between studied patients does not appear to be a frequent event as only 13 isolates representing 4 MIRU-VNTR types, were assumingly epidemic.