Intrusion of granodioritic bodies into the lime stones of GHORVEH area led to the formation of calc-silicate marbles and various types of skarns. These skarns consist essentially of calcite, clinopyroxene, garnet, wolastonite, vesuvianite and epidote. Based on geochemical studies, garnets were identified as grossular and anderadite. The clinopyroxene found in the skarns is diopside. With respect to mineral assemblages identified in the skarns and using various calibrations of garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometery, the temperature of skarns is estimated to be in the range of 450 to 587oC corresponding to hornblende hornfels to lower field of pyroxene hornfels facies.

The wide variety of ethnic groups and cultures in Iran has been a great advantage for this country, providing a rich substantial culture and a lively society. However, this variety and multiplicity has sometimes been used by the country's enemies as means for engendering schism a diversion in the country. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, due to its richness and profundity, can play its traditional role of providing national identity and unity. In order to demonstrate the significant role of Shahnameh in providing Iranian groups with a single national identity, we have analyzed the Shahnameh stories used among the people of GHORVEH, a west Iranian town in which a variety of ethnic groups live.

The metamorphic rocks of the GHORVEH area, southeast of Sanandaj, are classified as a part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone. South of GHORVEH includes an assemblage of regional and contact metamorphic rocks as a result of intrusion of igneous plutons. Different types of metamorphic rocks are produced in this regard. Metapelites have two generations of andalusite, cordierite and garnet produced by two distinct contacts metamorphism. Fibrolites are associated with andalusite, garnet, biotite and muscovite near Sartip Abad intrusion. Fibrolite growth without deformation and randomly on biotite and andalusite shows that fibrolites have formed at the latest stage of intrusion phase in this area. The textural studies of fibrolites show that they are of disharmonious type. Thermobarometry shows pressure and temperature lower than 3 Kb and 700oC in KMASH sub-system, respectively. Some textural evidence are consistent with continuation of fibrolite growth after ductile deformation.

Introduction: Regarding to the ground water pollution by Arsenic (As) in GHORVEH and Bijar field, contamination levels have been analyzed in irrigated plants (potato and carrot samples).Materials and Methods: Analyzes method have been by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Twenty four potato samples (of the 12 potato plots) and 4 carrot samples (of the 2 carrot plots) picked up and As contents were measured in skin and yield tissue separately. In potato of total 24 samples, 11 samples had less than 10 mg As/kg, 9 samples had to10- 20 and 4 samples had As in the range of 20- 25 mg As/kg. Skin-related Arsenic was higher than it in yield tissue. Of total skin samples: 17 samples had less than 50 mg As/kg, 5 samples had As in the range of 50 t0 100 and the last 2 samples had As in the range of 200-300 mg As/kg. All carrot samples showed As content less than 5 mg As/kg.Result and Discussion: (As) was high is some samples in skin of potato regarding to less transfer rate to eatable section, quantity will less with separate skin. In carrot, high quantity Arsenic ion is absorbed by roots because it has vast roots and transport in skin and.

Introduction: The GHORVEH metamorphic complex consists of regional and contact metamorphic rocks. The regional metamorphic rocks are including meta-sediments and metalimestone and are related to green schist to amphibolite facies.Aim: The contact metamorphic series are schist, marbls and quartzite and are inferred to result from hornblend to pyroxene hornfels facies.Methods: Studying of oriented thinsection using of universal stage.Results: The LPO Patterns of quartz in regional metamorphic schists show basal slip system along a<a>direction that confirms the green schist facies condition. The pattern of c- axes distributions of quartz in the marbles reveals a basal and rhomb slip system along a<a>direction that are consistent with green schist to lower amphibolite facies.Conclusions: According to microstructural studies two discrete deformational events are recorded in GHORVEH metamorphic rocks. The first deformational phase (D1) forms a first schistosity (S1) and inter-tectonic staurolite and garnet porphyroblasts. The second phase of deformation (D2) as a S2 fabric followed by syn to post-tectonic andalusite, sillimanite and cordierite porphyroblasts. In the last stage, the retrograde metamorphic events are created from emplacement of metamorphic rocks. As result, the proposed P-T-t path indicates a clockwise path with maximum temperature 700oc and maximum pressure 4 Kbar for GHORVEH metamorphic complex.

Moshirabad granitoid body is located, as part of intrusive bodies, in Sanandaj-Sirjans zone and crops out elongated with east-west trend. Based on field observation as well as mineralogical characteristics, this suite consists of three main units, diorites, granodiorites and granites, followed by minor gabbros. Mineralogical and geochemical studies show that rocks of this suite are I-type, calc- alkaline and from the point of view of saturation degree of aluminum (ASI) are metaluminous to weakly aluminous. Variation diagrams trends of major and trace elements indicate a continuous compositional range and comagmatic origin for these rocks. Trends of compatible-incompatible elements indicate the important role of fractional crystallization in the genesis of these rocks. Depletion in Ta, Nb, P and Ti and enrichment in Ce, K, Th, Rb and Ba are obvious in the spider diagrams of these samples. The enrichment in LILE and depletion in HFSE reveal the I-type metaluminous magmatism of volcanic arcs (VAG). The low ratios of Al2O3/(FeOtotal+MgO+TiO2) and (Na2O+K2O) /(FeO+MgO+TiO2) and the geochemical evidences of rare earth elements and trace elements show that the origin of initial magma is from the lower crust that created in a margin of convergent plate. Discrimination diagrams for tectonic setting also indicate the intrusion of this granitoid into the volcanic arc related to an active continental margin setting, so that with regard to geological history of this area, it can be attributed to subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust below Central Iran.

Petrological,geochemical and isotropic evidence of crustal contamination of the Quaternary basic rocks of GHORVEH-Takab axis is presented in this paper. These rocks are olivine basalt and basalt and they are plotted in the field of alkaline suites in geochemical diagrams.Some evidence, such as the presence of gneissic xenoliths, quartz xenocrysts with reaction rims and biotite phenoblasts in the basic rocks of the study area and high amount of potassium and high values of K2O/P2O5 ratios, high concentration of LREE in comparison with HREE, high values of 87Sr/86Sr ratios and low values of 143Nd/144Nd ratios all indicate the crustal contamination of basic magma during its ascent.

Background and Objectives: Soil quality is one of the most important soil properties which investigation of its changes is essential to soil management and degradation. Quantifying soil quality using soil quality index to improve understanding of soil ecosystems is have been wieldy used. The soil quality index is calculated by measuring some soil characteristics which measuring these properties is expensive and time consuming. Therefore, one of the solutions is the use of digital soil mapping technique that can digitally predict soil properties using auxiliary data and data mining models. The purpose of this research is using a random forest model and auxiliary data for mapping the soil quality index. Materials and Methods: Based on the geomorphology map, 17 soil profiles and 105 auger samples were taken from a depth of 0-20 cm in the GHORVEH area of Kurdistan Province (covers 6500 ha) and soil texture, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, pH, carbonate calcium equivalent, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, microbial respiration rate, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), bulk density and gravel percentage were measured and calculated then the soil additive weighted index was calculated. Environmental variables in this research were map geomorphology, terrain attributes and data of ETM+ image. Geomorphology map was prepared based on hierarchy method. Terrain attributes (including 10 parameters), soil adjust vegetative index (SAVI), normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) and brightness index (BI) were computed and extracted using SAGA and Arc GIS software, respectively. To make a relationship between soil quality index and auxiliary data, random forest (RF) model were applied and using cross validation method and statistic criteria including coefficient of determination (R2), mean error (ME) and root mean square error (RMSE) was validated. Results: According to the communality (share of each soil indicator), bulk density, sand, cation exchange capacity and clay had the highest weight (≥ 0. 1) and gravel and SAR had the lowest weight (≤ 0. 05) among the soil quality properties. To predict soil quality index, auxiliary variables including slope, SAVI index, wetness index, MrVBF index, LS factor, elevation, NDVI index and geomorphology map were the most important. The results of this study showed that the random forest model with 0. 65, 0. 042 and 0. 062 for determination of coefficient (R2), mean error (ME) and root mean square root (RMSE) had a fairly suitable accuracy for prediction of soil quality index. The soil quality index was ranged between 0. 3-0. 65 and its mean values in geomorphologic units with low gradient and low soil depth (Mo131, Mo141 and Hi231) were the lowest and in geomorphologic units with low slope and high soil depth (Pi111, Pi311, Pi322, Pi211 and Pi312) were the highest which these differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: In this research, a randomized forest model was used to study the spatial variation of soil quality index in GHORVEH area of Kurdistan province. The geomorphologic conditions of the study area have affected many soil characteristics and subsequently the soil quality index in the region. The soil quality index content was the lowest in highlands of north, northwest and northeast with high slope and low soil depth. The slope was the most important auxiliary variables to predict soil quality index in the region. Based on the results of statistical indices, random forest model also had relatively accurate estimation of the soil quality index. Therefore, it is suggested to map soil properties podometric techniques (such as randomized forest) and auxiliary data such as geomorphologic map, terrain attributes, and satellite images were applied.

Qhalaylan intrusive body in southwest of GHORVEH with east-west trend is a small part of intrusive bodies of Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. Based on field observation as well as mineralogical characteristics, this suite consists of main unit's diorites, granites and porphyritic granite. Mineralogical and geochemical studies show that the rocks of this suite are I-type, sub-alkaline and from the point of view of saturation degree of aluminum (ASI) are metaluminous. The low amount of elements ratio (Al2O3/FeO+MgO+TiO2) and (Na2O+K2O/(FeO+MgO+TiO2) and concentration of low Rb/Sr (less than 0.6) in the dioritic rocks suggest diorites origin from the partial melting of lower crust sources without water due to melting of amphibolite. High volume of felsic rocks (granites and porphyritic granite) is inconsistent with this subject that unites an origin via differentiation of mantle-derived basaltic parent magma and assimilation. The low amount of transition elements (Ni, Cr, Co and V), and the low amount of elements ratio Nb/La and Ti/Zr show that the source of felsic magma, is presumably due to partial melting of crust protholites (metagrywakes). Discrimination diagrams for tectonic setting, the low Nb/U and Nb/Y and the high Ba/Nb show the intrusion of Qelaylan into the volcanic arc setting related to an active continental margin.

Over the recent years, given lack of surface water, population growth, and agricultural development, more attention has been paid to underground water, its management and extraction. This source is considered as one of the valuable resources of freshwater making it as one of the most valuable vital resources. Groundwater extraction, over the recent years, has given rise to decreased water level of this resource, that is, its level has decreased by an amount of 19. 9m in the plain of Qorveh since 1986, 1987 until 2015. Therefore, the plain has become one of the forbidden plains out of 625 country plains. In recent years, integrating data of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) has increased for exploration of this valuable material. So that the combination of these two has become a point in the fields related to the issue of water. In this study, using (RS) and (GIS), data of potential areas of groundwater were identified. Layers created for site selection of aquifer in this study are as follows: geology, topography, slope, lineament, density of lineament, drainage, density of drainage, land use and vegetation of cover. Then, the final map was obtained using respective layers by means of fuzzy method in gis. The resulted map was divided into five groups of very good, good, average, weak and very weak. The results showed that the areas with good and very good potential with an area of 136461 hectare forming about half of the area of plain under study are located more in northern and eastern parts characterized by alluvial lands, vegetation and low slope, while regions with lower potential are located more in southern parts characterized by high slope areas covered with rock solid.