Conversations contain spontaneous use of routine formulas which lets speaker sinteract with each other to express opinions. GAMBITs, as one of these formulas, act as an opening remark and help speakers to maintain the smooth flow of an everyday conversation. The lack of mastery of using GAMBITs in maintaining the conversation leads to breakdowns in speaking. This paper aimed at comparing the use of different categories of GAMBITs by native speakers of English and Persian. To achieve this end, a corpus of 40 hours from Persian Native Speakers (PNSs) and English Native Speakers (ENSs) with an equal number of participants was selected through recordings of conversations from different TV Channels. Following the literature, the frequency of GAMBIT tokens was counted and their functions were classified. Chi-square test revealed significant differences between PNSs and ENSs regarding the occurrences of GAMBIT categories. The findings of this study can have implications for language learners and practitioners in the field. The present research demonstrates to language learners the need for learning GAMBIT expressions as elements to improve the quality of their speaking and also to use the language in meaningful interaction with others.

The activity of speaking is conducted spontaneously and there is not much time devoted to preplanning and arranging the utterances the speaker intends to deliver. Briefly defined, GAMBITs and routines refer to the words and phrases that facilitate the flow of conversations. As such, one way to help learners acquire oral proficiency is to teach GAMBITs that support the social skills emphasized. The present study aimed to investigate the speaking fluency of Iranian intermediate EFL learners through conversational GAMBITs and routines. To this end, the subjects of the present study consisted of an experimental group and a control group each containing 30 students who attended listening and speaking classes. To count the frequency of GAMBIT tokens and identify their functions, the recorded data were analyzed utilizing Keller and Warner’s classification of conversational GAMBITs. The results of the t-test revealed that the experimental group possessed better speaking fluency based on the occurrences of GAMBIT categories. There was a positive correlation between the number of GAMBITs and the scores of fluency test. Evidently, the findings of the present study may have implications for EFL teachers and syllabus designers.

Modeling the dam break phenomenon is more important in order to calculate the approximate discharge flow due to break to perform the measures to control it or to prevent the resulting hazards. In this research, GAMBIT software was used to generate the form and dimensions of the geometry of the laboratory model. Then, the generated geometry file was transferred to the Fluent hydraulic model. In Fluent environment, all effective parameters were determined. The VOF method was used for modeling. The case study in this research was the rocky sedimentary located near the Nowshan basin, which is located around Urmia city, and the dam break modeling was done for it in a three-dimensional characteristic. The results obtained from the laboratory conditions were compared with the results of the Fluent model, which is related to modeling the dam break phenomenon in two-dimensional form. Various wave characteristics were studied, including wave propagation, wave velocity, and water depth variation at the bottom of the dam in dry and wet bed conditions. Comparison of the results shows that the Fluent model has high accuracy in modeling the flow due to dam break. To construct the geometry of a part of the stream that includes the reservoir and the reservoir, a topographic map of the stream was used in AutoCAD environment.

In this paper, the numerical analysis of erosion/corrosion in gas pipelines and gas stations were investigated using computational fluid dynamics. The effects of vari- ous parameters such as velocity, temperature, turbulence, tiny particles floating in gas, and multi-phases were analyzed. For this purpose, comprehensive infor- mation on gas stations was first collected. Then, equipment of gas stations and pipelines was modeled and created using Catia and Solid work commercial soft- ware packages. Finally, the numerical results were obtained using the method of computational fluid dynamics by employing GAMBIT 2.2.30 and Fluent 6.0 com- mercial tools. Several items of equipment such as pipe, valve, reducer, bend, etc. were considered in this analysis. The results proved that erosion/corrosion was increased by increasing velocity, temperature, turbulence, tiny particles floating in a gas, and multi-phases.

This paper presents the results of heat transfer measurement and analysis for two 5*5 cm porous channels. the channels were made of bronze beads with two different mean diameters, dp=0.72 and 1.59 mm. the local wall temperature distribution and heat transfer coefficients were measured for heat flux of 8000 and 16000 watt/m2 with coolant fluid velocity ranging from 0.16 to 5 m/s and inlet fluid pressure of 1~3 atm. the flow of fluid in porous channels is modeled with using Darcy-forcheheimer-brinkman model. By using fluent software, simulation is done that the geometry figure with GAMBIT is generated.

This paper reports the result of CFD simulation of catalytic oxidation of benzene on monolithic catalyst. The geometries of the catalyst and reactor were designed in GAMBIT software and simulation of catalytic oxidation was carried out in fluent 6.2. Results of simulation showed excellent agreement with the experimental data. This study confirmed the accuracy of the used model in this simulation (Mars van Krevelen). Furthermore, CFD made it possible to obtain a more accurate view of heat transfer and fluid flow. This study confirmed CFD is the best tool for study of fluid regime and heat transfer and especially, concentration of species, and surface deposition along the reactor in the chemical process.