The commercial exchanges between people, companies, people and companies, people and companies with governments, and so on is increasing rapidly. There is an obvious shift from using paper documents to exchanges using electronic information. The e-commerce is considered as a viable alternative due to its speed, efficiency, and low expenses. The insurance industry as one of the most dynamic business activities is not an exception. Information technology has various effects on different activities in the insurance industry. It gives flexibility to it, changes its system and enhances its movement beyond the existing limitations and traditional regulations. One of the implications of information and communication technology in insurance industry is the electronic insurance. The e-insurance in its general view intends to provide facilities for customers to get access to the insurance services through a safe intermediary phase and without physical attendance. The main issue in this study is the Feasibility of presenting the existing insurance products through the Internet from operational, cultural, technical, and legal aspects at Parsian, Asia, Alborz, Razi, Tosse, Sina, and Moallem Insurance Companies. The hypotheses of the study were statistically tested using t-student and Wilcoxon tests. The results confirmed that the possibility of presenting the existing insurance products through the Internet from operational, cultural, technical, and legal aspects is still weak.

According to classical texts, Dara stands out as a significant city from the early Parthian era, situated on the eastern fringes of the Parthian Empire. Classical sources have documented this region under various names such as Apavortene, Zapaortenon, Partauticena, and Apauarcticena. Since the latter half of the nineteenth century, Iranologists have engaged in speculation about the location of Dara, drawing insights from descriptions provided by Justin and Pliny, as well as references to its whereabouts in classical texts. This research endeavors to offer relative conjectures concerning the location of Dara and Shahr-Tepe, a potential site representing it, through an evaluation of archaeological data alongside classical and Islamic texts. To achieve the research objectives using a descriptive-analytical approach, the study employs the library research method and incorporates archaeological data. In alignment with classical texts, the research suggests that the province of Apavortene is situated in Eastern Iran, and there exists a likelihood that the Islamic-period Abivard is a transformed manifestation of this Parthian-period province. Aditionally, a comparative examination of Dara in classical texts with present-day Shahr-Tepe in Dargaz reveals congruence, aligning with the descriptions provided by Justin and Pliny. Shahr-Tepe, located on the opposite side of Hezar Masjed Mountains between Nisa and Abivard, exhibits a singular historical period. Surrounded by Hezar Masjed Mountains, the region boasts an abundance of rivers and springs, expansive meadows, and remnants of forests within Tandooreh National Park and Tivan region. These characteristics confirm the general depiction of Apavortene and Dara found in classical sources. Collectively, these findings suggest that Shahr-Tepe, covering an area of approximately 70 hectares, could indeed represent the prominent city of the early Parthian period

In the light of gasoline shortage in the county, resorting to import or erection of new refinery are the possible options available. This paper aims to investigate how to meet the gasoline needs of the country by domestically refining the heavy crude oil, extracted from newly developed oil fields such as Soroush and Norouz.Refining capacity of these new proposed installations is expected to be around 200 thousand barrels per day and heavy crude oil intake of these refineries is assumed to come from Norouz oil fields. It is worth mentioning that this study has taken care of environmental considerations while deciding on the appropriate location for the erection of these refineries as well as how to meet the crude oil intake and water required by these new refineries. The model used in this study is simply a new model experimentally applied in this case study. So far, this model has not been used in the Feasibility study of oil refining activities in Iran. In regard to Feasibility study of oil refineries, various approaches are reviewed in this paper and the result are drawn out.The findings of this paper indicate that erection of heavy crude oil refinery, based on crude oil priced below 56 dollars per barrel, is economically feasible. Besides, with lowering oil prices, its Feasibility is further validated.

Mass online free courses as one of the latest educational technologies have caused fundamental changes at the level of various universities and are expanding rapidly. Mooc is one of those courses that has been recognized as a great revolution for the opportunity to reconsider teaching and learning in the information era. Therefore, the study was conducted at Mazandaran University with the aim of Feasibility study of Mooc-based curriculum. The research design was quantitative and the research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population included 386 faculty members of this university who according to Morgan table and based on stratified proportional sampling method, 181 people were selected as the sample. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose content validity was 0.83 and reliability was based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient above 0.92. The 48-item questionnaire was developed in the form of components of management contexts, technology (Internet, site and computer), manpower, goal, content, teaching-learning strategies and evaluation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and in the inferential section and the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.The results showed that the management contexts, purpose, content, teaching strategies of learning, evaluation, human resources and to some extent technological are provided in Mazandaran University. In the field of technical infrastructure, in terms of the Internet, there are facilities to run the course, but in terms of site and computer, access to support experts, etc. is not easy. The results also showed that the management platform is in the first place for implementation and the technological platform (existence of site and computer) is in the last place.

In the present study, the main purpose is the qualitative study on garbage collection in Tehran city. It has been done by qualitative research method. Semi-structured interview and purposeful sampling techniques were used in data collection. To do this, 15 people were interviewed and the sample size in the present study was determined based on theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central and core themes. A total of 184 initial themes were extracted from all interviews. In the main coding stage, the following 9 main themes were merged. Escape from poverty in the origin and the inevitable choice of inferiority, society's view to garbage collectors, and high stress, strengthening the cycle of academic reluctance and illiteracy, physical and mental torment, unknown horizon and confusion of the Khojies, legal ambiguity and customary definitions and contracts, complaints from relevant institutions, the entry of the mafia and the formation of rent and corruption. Finally, these themes fall into two categories of social harmfulness of recycling and institutional exclusion and illegallity of the status of garbage collectors in the second distrect in the form of the core theme of the structure of socially harmful and institutionally illegal, waste phenomenon explained..

Purpose: The science of interpretation, as the most important science responsible for understanding the Qur'an, needs to be methodized and updated so that the teachings of the Qur'an can be used easily for all classes of people. In the present study, the meaning of "future research in interpretation" is the ability to create desirable models for more efficient interpretation in the future, by using scientific tools, creativity and relying on the foundations and rules of interpretation and compensating the damages of interpretation in the past.Method: This research, with descriptive analytical method, answers the question, what are the fields and requirements of future research in interpretation? Findings: The results of the current research are based on the fact that special attention to the Qur'an, as the most important source of interpretation, rationality and methodical consideration in interpretation, attention to the prerequisites of interpretation, interpretation based on the requirements of the time, the need to pay attention to thematic interpretation, studying on the history of interpretation and observing the manners and conditions of interpretation are one of the most important requirements of interpretation in the future. Results: Considering the developments that will take place in the field of knowledge, methods and expectations from science in the future, the interpretation will also change. For this reason, in order not to cause various damages to the interpretation of the Qur'an, it is necessary to pay attention to the various contexts, principles and requirements of the interpretation of the Qur'anic commentators and scholars.

Printing of nodes is one of the manual prints that it has certain features of pattern visually (abstract) and it also has a special place beside the capabilities of the textile that it can play an important role, applying them in the world of textile printing and the industrialization in this vast world of textile printing. As whereas the print creates beautiful designs on the fabric, top of Form a node print is purely artistic one, and the cut is small, this paper uses the print widely in the industry to allow wider use of printed fabrics node, dealing with a variety of printing methods of nodes, including different types of tie knots like Central, Pleated, Spiral, etc. and the Feasibility of industrialization. For this purpose, tests have been made from different nodes and samples by the design software and integration of nodes with different visual forms, and it has been published, using modeling techniques, including Houghton screen stencil designs on background fabrics that have been dyed by the nodes.

The Feasibility study of Transforming Iran to E-Trade Hub in MENA region...

Purpose: Examining the posibiliy of setting up an archive for preserving Tehran Metorpolitan area Municiparly records. Method and Research Design: Views of 65 stakeholders, including Tehran Metropolitan Area Councilors, expert members of the Arts and Cultural Organization of Tehran Municipality (ACOTM), as well as professional archivists of the National Archives of Iran (NAI) were sought using a researcher designed questionnaire. The questinnaire was divided into 5 categories. and 50 sub-categories It also included an open question. Findings and Conclusion: Respondants regarded the role of the Municipality crucial in the matter. ACOTM and NAI 'professioanls valued the idea of as a means to increase the citizen awareness of their cultural heritage and for the preserving the documents. Possibility of the provision of staff, building, resources, equipment and facilities were estimated higher than moderate, whereas, estimation for finance was moderate. We suggest that Tehran Municipality allocates an appropriate building that meets archival standards and seeks fininancial suppor of the public for the project and encourage people to deposit their documents.

ABSTRACT With the expansion of inefficient tissues, "Urban regeneration" has been objectified as a solution for developing cities in different physical, social and economic dimensions. Despite the development of the guidelines for urban regeneration projects, these projects in Iran still have challenges in the stage of realization and implementation. This article aims to identify the "challenges and causes of non-realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran" and analyse the research conducted in this field with a qualitative approach. For this purpose, a meta-analysis of 23 articles in the field of problems of urban regeneration projects in Iran was carried out. The challenges raised in the AtlasTI software were extracted with the help of open and axial coding. In the following, 100 codes were determined in the form of 10 groups or general categories. In the end, the obstacles to the realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran were given. According to the obtained results, the weak presence of non-governmental organizations, the problems of preparing plans, institutional and management problems, and the weakness of participation are the four most important and frequent challenges in the research related to the realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran Extended Abstract Introduction The trend of urban population growth and the expansion of inefficient urban fabrics along with the increasing immigrant population to the cities makes the planners think of filling the existing urban fabrics with excessive density and land use change, instead of the city horizontal development with regard to the urban sustainable development prism. Poor housing, low per capita services, lack of necessary infrastructure, low quality of life, economic stagnation and functional inefficiency, unorganized physical-spatial structure, high vulnerability to earthquakes, loss of social status, and various social problems exemplify the typical challenges of such deteriorated areas. Deterioration of the urban fabric has prompted the emergence of various urban development policies among which regeneration as an overarching approach characterized by its economic, social, environmental, physical, ecological dimensions and components including quality of life, justice, revitalization and participation. This concept, as an urban development policy, has been defined and applied in the vulnerable and deteriorated areas of cities in recent years. Started from physical redevelopment in the Second World War and passing through policies concentrated on social and economic welfare, urban regeneration policies moved towards the participation of local residents and the creation of sustainable places in recent decades. However, taking into consideration the manifestation challenges of urban development plans, in the existing literature, urban regeneration challenges have been less comprehensively investigated. This paper aims to identify the "challenges and causes of lack of urban regeneration plans manifestation in Iran" based on the review and analysis of the research conducted in this field with a qualitative approach in response to this question: "What are the challenges and obstacles to the manifestation of urban regeneration projects in Iran?”   Methodology This research aims to identify "challenges and obstacles to the manifestation of urban regeneration projects in Iran" through a meta-analysis of the research conducted in this field. Conducting a systematic search in Magiran, comprehensive humanities portal, and Google Scholar databases using the Boolean logic search used the keyword (challenges) AND key phrases (‘manifestation of plans’ AND ‘urban regeneration in Iran’) resulted in more than 70 Persian papers, 2 English papers, and 2 English theses. The reviewed studies included research and review papers, case study research, and the special issue of urban regeneration policy of Haft Shahr Journal. The geographical scope of the investigated studies covers the historical contexts of Iran, and metropolises such as Tehran, Tabriz, Shiraz, and Isfahan. Reviewing the abstracts, 23 studies were selected among which the research focusing on the different types of regeneration, and evaluation of urban regeneration indicators were excluded from the research process. To conduct meta-analysis after a comprehensive review of each study, open and focused coding of challenges was done through Atlas.ti software (version 8), and the obstacles to the manifestation of the plans were extracted. Coding process continued until the saturation was reached. Finally, the 115 codes obtained was reduced to 100 through integrating similar codes. Then, all the codes were categorized into 10 categories, and a comprehensive model of "challenges of manifestation of urban regeneration projects in Iran" was presented.   Results and discussion Based on the conducted review, the recognized problems with emphasis on the different aspects of urban regeneration projects are: 1) Weak presence of non-governmental organizations (18 codes); 2) Problems of preparing plans (17 codes); 3) Institutional and managerial problems (14 codes); 4) Weakness of participation (13 codes); 5) Duration and financial problems of urban regeneration plans (10 codes); 6) Problems of urban regeneration plans process (8 codes); 7) loss of identity of fabrics in the preparation of the plan (6 codes); 8) Lack of context-oriented approach (7 codes); 9) inefficient evaluation of plans (4 codes); 10) lack of social and specialized training for citizens and officials (3 codes). The lack of endogenous theory and insufficient knowledge of the environment and residents obstacle the manifestation of urban regeneration plans. Despite pretending the use of non-governmental organizations, the relevant law weaknesses, and the lack of belief in the effectiveness of it has led to disregard of the participation of non-governmental organizations in practice in the process of preparing and implementing development plans resulting in an inadequate context for manifestation of urban regeneration plans. In addition, the government supervision on NGO’s in the way of achieving independence has also caused limitations for their interplay. In terms of the issues in the preparation of plans, more emphasis on the physical and economic dimensions and the purely physical view, and the lack of attention to the social and cultural consequences, along with the loss of the community identity, are the factors of the failure of the plans to achieve the expected results. The lack of coordination between programs and multiple decision-makers led to the institutional confrontation instead of interaction. In this regard, the necessity of an integrated and comprehensive approach to urban regeneration has been acknowledged in the reviewed studies. NGO’s can play an effective role in communicating with citizens, educating citizens and informing them. It is also necessary to have the participation of the private sector and other organizations involved in the field of urban development in addition to public participation in all steps of preparation, implementation and occupation of projects and development plans. In the absence of a context-oriented approach in the preparation and implementation of urban regeneration plans in Iran with blind imitation of western models and the existence of limited urban infrastructure, following consequences are inevitable: uncertainty in terms of time, cost and site preparation before the implementation of the plan; lack of definition of urban regeneration plans in the different scales, neighborhood, region and city; and the uncertainty of the relationship between these plans and other urban development plans. As such in the current inadequate conditions driving the process of preparing plans, the possibility of implementing new policies and plans, is low and the implemented plans like many other urban development plans in Iran, are inefficient in the absence of the post occupancy evaluation.   Conclusion Based on the results, four priority challenges in the manifestation of urban regeneration plans in Iran include; the weak presence of non-governmental organizations, the problems of preparing plans, institutional and managerial issues, and the weakness of participation. "The weak presence of non-governmental organizations" has been mentioned as the first challenge in most reviewed studies (Ahmadifar et al., 2014). Regarding the "participation of citizens" even though in the set of laws and regulations of sustainable urban regeneration, promotion of citizenship culture, participation, and cooperation of local institutions are highlighted, the residents are not welcomed in practice. On the other hand, the lack of people's participation in the preparation and implementation of plans has made any urban regeneration actions fail or achieve to its partial goals. In this regard, the results of the previous comparative comparisons have shown that the lack of laws and regulations supporting participation in various fields is of the key factors (Nourian and Ariana, 2011, Shafie Dastjerdi and Sadeghi, 2016). The problems of preparing plans, institutional and managerial issues, ranked as the third and fourth issues in this study, have been emphasized in previous studies as well (Kalantari Khalil Abad et al., Pakro and Sattarzadeh, 2014, Izadi et al., 2019). Therefore, prioritizing the challenges raised by experts and determining operational strategies to solve them are issues that can be addressed in future studies.   Keywords Urban regeneration plans, manifestation, meta-analysis   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.