This study was conducted to investigate the values of the order parameter (S) and correlation time (TC) in electron spin resonance spectra for 5-DS (doxylstearic acid) and 16-DS (doxyl-stearic acid) in old normal controls and in patients with type 2 diabetes and stroke in order to assess any association between age-related disorders and membrane FLUIDITY.Materials and Methods: We measured the membrane FLUIDITY (a reciprocal value of membrane microviscosity) of erythrocytes in old healthy controls and in individuals with age-related disorders by using an electron paramagnetic resonance and spin-Iabeling method.The subjects were eleven type 11 diabetic patients (5 males and 6 females) with poor blood glucose (HbA1c 8.48±1.05%), eight old healthy volunteers (4 males and 4 females) with (HbA1c 5.3±1.03%), and ten diabetic stroke patients (5 males and 5 females) with (HbA1c 7.65±1.3). Erythrocyte membrane FLUIDITY was determined by probes, 5- and 16- doxyl-stearic acid methyl ester (SALM) inserted into the erythrocyte membrane bilayer, after which electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra were obtained. Fasting plasma glucose and other blood tests, were measured by standard methods. Results: The order parameter (S) for the spin label agent (5-DS) and the correlation time for 16- DS in the electron spin resonance spectra of erythrocytes were significantly higher in stroke and diabetic patients than in old healthy con trios (OH), indicating that membrane FLUIDITY of erythrocytes was decreased in age-related disorders, compared with old healthy controls. The results indicated the lower levels of erythrocyte membrane FLUIDITY using 16-DS with a motion parameter (p<0.05) but not using 5-DS (p<0.05) in diabetic and stroke patients compared with OH individuals.Conclusion: Use of the 16-DS probe showed a significant decrease in membrane FLUIDITY in patients with Type 2 diabetes and cerebrovascular diseases.

One of the most controversial issues among the downtrodden and the urban poor is their work and fallacy, which they refer to as informal occupations. This issue, which is a significant part of Iran's economy, is expanding day by day due to structural adjustment policies, and urban downtowns are one of the main victims of this trend. Understanding the perceptions and perceptions of urban slum dwellers about their work and informal activities in society is something that this article seeks to study. The researcher has used a qualitative method and an interpretive phenomenological approach with the aim of recognizing, describing and explaining this matter. The interviewees were 23 residents of Naysar Sanandaj who were engaged in informal jobs who were interviewed in depth and semi-structured. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. Findings from the description and narrative of Nayser subordinates of the work include 6 main categories Coping with Unwanted Suffering-Alternative to Unemployment-Fluid or Unstable Living Lifestyle-Institutionalizing Informal Work: Source of Livelihood-Anomic-Based Income Generation. The findings show that the perception of the underprivileged of working in Naysar Sanandaj as a fluid and unstable lifestyle in the face of a kind of anomic-oriented income-generating process and as an alternative to the growing unemployment with which the underprivileged live.

Mg alloy is easily oxidized during melting in the unprotected atmosphere. This affects on the quality and cleanness of the alloy. In addition, the presence of oxide layer on the surface of melt decreases its FLUIDITY so use of magnesium alloys in thin-film casting is faced with Serious limitation. In this paper, effect of adding calcium on the oxidation resistance and FLUIDITY of AZ91 alloy melt have been investigated. For this purpose, samples of AZ91 alloy were prepared with different amounts of calcium. Afterward samples were stored at 700 ° C for different periods of time in furnace atmosphere. Microstructural, GI-XRD and surface oxidation tests showed that, a dense and compact oxide film composed of CaO is formed on surface, which performs melt protection and prevents penetrating of oxygen into the melt. As a result, the melt stables at a temperature of 700 ° C without presence of a protective gas. The most important advantage of use of calcium in magnesium alloys is not applying protective gases such as SF6. To investigate the FLUIDITY of AZ91 alloy in the presence of calcium, the FLUIDITY test was performed by using spiral pattern. The test results showed that by adding calcium, length of FLUIDITY increased from about 100 mm to 340 mm.

One major discussion in Mulla Sadra’s transcendental philosophy is the division of existence into fixed and changeable. Belief in fluid existence is a consequence of substantial motion principle which next to issues like principality of existence , gradation of existence and poverty possibility , has transformed many of philosophical problems of transcendental philosophy.This latter has provided a new notion of body and matter by raising the theory of substantial motion. According to Mulla Sadra, the FLUIDITY of change and movement is the mode of existence of unfixed beings. Here, motion is not an accidental matter but their essence and substance are in motion. By substantial motion and fluid existence, the once fixed picture of the world is shattered. Contrary to pre-sadraian theories in which substances had fixed forms and differentia and logical limit was defined on that basis, in transcendental philosophy, every fluid being has a fluid identity which possesses a series of forms and differentia and therefore logical limits are transformed on this basis. This article first analyzes the forms, differentia and essence of material being in peripatetic philosophy and then deals with the developments of the same notions in transcendental philosophy.