Electrocution is an important Issue in forensic and occupational medicine. In Addition to clectrical injuries, determining the manner of death and reasons of accident are very important. So during a 18 months period, all of such cases that referred to LMO for determining cause of death were studied. The results showed that the most common age range is 10-30 years old and the most common cause of Accident is occupational one.Ventricular fibrillation was the most prevalent cause of death the most dangerous situation was passing Electrical current from right hand to legs.

Background: Electrical injuries are rarely happened but it makes more harmful lesions comparing to other thermal injuries. The aim of this study was to report Electrical burned patients according to Electrical voltage in Shahid Motahari Burn Center.Methods: This Routine data base study was performed on patients with Electrical burns which were admitted to Shahid Motahari Burn Center from April 2010 to March 2012. Demographic and clinical data had gathered from medical records. Association between voltage and morbidity or mortality was evaluated used SPSS v. 16.Results: Mean total body surface area of 287 patients (283 (98.60%) male and 4 (1.4%) female) with mean age of 30±0.7 years was 13.56±0.76% (range 1-100). There were 203 patients (70.7%) with low and 84 patients (29.31%) with high voltage injury. There was significant association between voltage and place of injury (p=0.001).Conclusion: High voltage injuries constitute large number of Electrical injuries which more of these injuries occurred outdoor and in workplace and need more hospitalization. High voltage injuries are related with more amputation, so people and authorities should pay more attention to such injuries.

The mechanical, thermal, morphological, dynamical mechanical and Electrical properties of polymeric insulators are tested and reported. Low density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) and blends of LDPE/EPDM are known polymers for use as low, medium and high voltage insulators. Several formulations containing EPDM and LDPE were prepared. EPDM was blended with LDPE in different weight ratios of LDPE/EPDM (100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100). The change in Haake-viscosity mixing torque with time for different blend compositions was obtained. The torque at any time is dependent on the blend composition. For EPDM the observed torque is directly influenced by its cross-linking density. However, for LDPE or blends of high percentage of LDPE the influence of cross-linking density on torque is relatively low. The mechanical properties of cross-linked EPDM are weaker than LDPE. Therefore changing the cross-link density of EPDM will not affect the blend properties significantly especially at high LDPE content. A drop shape analysis system G l0 (Kruss-USA) was used for hydrophobicity studies. Studies illustrate that in LDPE/EPDM blends, tensile strength of the blends are higher than either polymer component alone. But the synergism effect in LDPE/EPDM compound is stronger than HDPE/EPDM. Also the blends of LDPE/EPDM show good breakdown voltage strength and heat resistance comparing to LDPE. The result of mechanical measurement shows that mechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus and elongation-at-break of blends can be enhanced with increase in LDPE in the formulation. Also tests were conducted to study various properties (mechanical, surface, Electrical) under accelerated ageing condition. Because the life time of these compounds are generally too long to wait for a verdict on their behaviour in use. The ageing results show that mechanical properties follow the same trend as pre-ageing stage.

Neuromuscular Electrical stimulation (NMES) is rapidly expanding as a comprehensive therapeutic tool in geriatric rehabilitation, offering diverse applications beyond traditional muscle strengthening. This article examines various applications and effectiveness of NMES in the elderly across multiple functional domains. Recent evidence suggests that NMES can aid in enhancing brain plasticity, increasing muscle mass and strength, improving balance and postural control, and facilitating functional recovery in the elderly. Studies have shown that this form of stimulation can elevate serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is considered an indicator of potential neuroprotective effects. In the domain of muscle performance, promising results have been observed with NMES in preventing age-related muscle atrophy and improving strength, particularly when regular exercise may be challenging. Furthermore, significant improvements in balance and postural control have been observed in the elderly, which are enhanced when combined with voluntary muscle contractions. NMES has also demonstrated its efficacy in specific clinical conditions common among the elderly, such as post-stroke rehabilitation, dysphagia, and muscle weakness due to severe illness. Recent technological advancements, including wearable devices and brain-controlled systems, have broadened the scope of this intervention. However, variability in protocols, stimulation parameters, and outcome measures across different studies presents challenges for establishing standardized treatment guidelines. This article analyzes the current evidence regarding the multifaceted applications of NMES in geriatric rehabilitation and discusses its established benefits and emerging applications. Understanding these varied applications and their underlying mechanisms is critical for healthcare providers to optimize the implementation of NMES in elderly rehabilitation programs.

Despite the high potential of distributed and renewable sources, their operation may cause problems because of their variability. Moreover, wind fluctuations or extreme weather changes may lead to temporary voltage fluctuations. Researches show that the energy storage can compensate this random nature effect and also it can be effective in a short duration, without requiring the load cut-off. Furthermore, utilizing the energy storing instruments provides more suitable conditions to use produced power and it can be considered as an economic solution. Therefore, in this paper a Smart Energy Management System has been designed in order to optimize the operation of a sample system, production planning, and energy storage. This study suggests the optimized method which can determine the optimized point depending on different goals and their relative effective coefficients. In this method, the usage time and the amount of usage of different energy sources have been determined so that the lowest cost and minimum environmental pollution has been achieved based on Pareto optimization. Eventually, in order to validate the proposed algorithm, this method has been implemented on an Electrical propulsion sample system by MATLAB & GAMS software and related results are discussed.