The purpose of the study was to design a curriculum for the ELDERLY education based on dialogue education approach. Jane K. Vella is the setter of this approach and the most important feature of this approach can be considered its attention to the audience and their special needs. The method of conducting this research is the application of the recommendations of the dialogue education approach. Sampling among the ELDERLY participating in the course was voluntary and by sending an invitation. In sending the invitation, an effort was made to cover the maximum diversity of education, gender, and social status. In order to select the content based on the participants' needs, the list of Iranian ELDERLY's educational needs was given to the six ELDERLY who attended the educational meetings for selection. After selecting the content, the elements of the dialogical curriculum were determined. In the implementation phase, changes were made to adapt to the context, in the design and implementation process, and all the implementation and design phases were validated by Vella and the team members. Considering the special characteristics of the ELDERLY, such as having experience, independence and self-directedness, the curriculum used for them should be able to take into account these characteristics, and considering the high flexibility of the dialogue and listening approach, as well as the achievement of all learners to the goals of each meeting, the approach to design educational courses in centers whose audience is the ELDERLY, can increase the effectiveness and attractiveness of the courses.

Introduction: Rumination is one of the factors which can significantly impact the mental health and life quality of the ELDERLY. Thus, this study examined the effectiveness of cognitive problem-solving strategies on rumination among ELDERLY men in the province of Kermanshah, Iran. Method: The study adopted a quasi-experimental method with pre-test, post-test, and control/experimental groups design. The statistical population included the entire ELDERLY men attending Mah psychology clinic where they reported suffering from rumination. The results of psychological tests also confirmed their declarations. The participants constituted 24 men with the age range of 60 to 65. They were selected through the convenience sampling method and the study criteria and randomly assigned to one control group (n= 12) and one experimental group (n= 12). Initially, a pre-test was administered to both groups. Moreover, the experimental group underwent eight 45-minute sessions of training cognitive problem-solving strategies. To measure rumination, the Ruminative Response Scale developed by Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1991) was employed. The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), the results of which suggested a significant difference between the rumination mean scores of the two groups in the post-test. This implies that the intervention of cognitive problem-solving strategies led to a significant reduction in rumination up to 35 percent. Results: In light of the results, the instruction of cognitive problem-solving strategies can considerably reduce rumination thereby increasing the feeling of life satisfaction. Conclusion: This approach may be fruitful in terms of reducing rumination and promoting life quality among the ELDERLY.

The number of ELDERLY patients reporting at private clinics, as outdoor patients and at both general and specialized hospitals is on the rise. One of the most important causes of visiting these patients in these centers is infectious diseases. Infections of the urinary tract, respiratory system, skin and soft tissues are most commonly encountered infectious disorders.An awareness and know ledge of physicians in the field of prevalent infections in this age group of patients can be of tremendous help in the diagnosis, early treatment and prevention of morbidity and mortality. These days prevention of infectious diseases or else reducing their complications is considered as the principle in geriatric medicine.

Dizziness is described as having a variety of unpleasant sensations which often interfere with balance and walking. It is a common complaint by people over age 65, affecting 13-38% of ELDERLY Americans. Dizziness may occur by many different causes which can be difficult to diagnose.Dizziness is usually related to a metabolic or even cardiovascular origin nevertheless, vertigo is an otological or neurological problem. Frequently, dizziness is not usually considered as a long lasting complication however, in almost one quarter of the ELDERLY with this problem, it may last a year or even more. Dizziness is not usually associated with increased risk of death unless it is a sign of heart disease. However, dizziness may increase the risk of collapse and decrease the quality of life, especially if it is persistent or severe.

ELDERLY is an experience that each person will confront with it. Loneliness phenomenon and social solitude has much share in difficult old period. The purpose of this research was to study of he situation of ELDERLY residents in Guilan ELDERLY Nursing Home. It was a descriptive cross- sectional study. For purpose of this investigation 170 old men and women were selected from this nursing home .Data and information were collected with questionnaire, interview and available data from old adults records. The results of this study showed that, old men had better situation compared with old women such as: literacy and educational level, occupation and income. Also the old men were compatible with other ELDERLY more than old women. This study showed that elderlies relation with their children, friends and family in nursing home were very limited. Recreative and amusement instruments weren't enough for old adults. The results showed that old men suffered from diseases such as: lung, digestive, skeletal, vision and hearing disorders more than the old women. Old women suffered from heart and mental disease more than the old men. 44/71% old adults were completely satisfy with live in the nursing home. This was more in women than men. Old adults said that the most important reason to live in nursing home was having no children.

Objectives Spiritual health is an important dimension of health in humans. It coordinates individuals’ forces, and ultimately, their overall health. There are Many challenges to this concept in older people. The current study aimed to analyze the concept of spiritual health in the ELDERLY. Methods & Materials We used Walker and Avant’ s approach. We searched for the studies using the following keywords: “ ELDERLY people, ELDERLY person, spirituality, spiritual health, spiritual wellbeing, ELDERLY, older adult, and geriatric” . We reviewed the literature in accordance with the study inclusion criteria, consisting of Persian and English Language studies published from 1996 to 2016; a total of 32 articles related to the concept were analyses. Results Spiritual health is a dynamic and multidimensional concept in older people's view. Some of the spiritual health attitudes in the ELDERLY were the love of supreme power and mental balance. With respect to the afterlife, antecedents were having abilities, faith, trust, and commitment to morals and their consequences, nearness to God, peace, a higher quality of life, and providing social support to others. Conclusion The conceptual definition of spiritual health can help healthcare providers better understand this concept and conduct the interventions and evaluations of health promotion efforts to help the ELDERLY.