Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their selection and appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying and analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, comparative and Benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of comparison and Benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step comparison method; then the countries of Canada, Finland, Australia, South Africa, and Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, and welfare), education quality index, and other scientific-scholarly indexes; finally, by extracting the criteria for the selection and appointment of principals through content analysis and comparison with Iran, the proposed framework for Iran has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the selection of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities and differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager selection and appointment belongs to Japan and the lowest one is related to Finland.Conclusion: There are similarities between the components of selection of principals of secondary schools in Iran and selected countries. In Iran, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity and innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision and accountability, social image, leader skills, and purposefulness and foresight.

The functionality assessment of an irrigation network is an important step to find the shortages and the ways to improve the efficiency of irrigation networks. Recently the application of conventional Benchmarking to irrigation and drainage networks has been suggested by International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and in some countries it has been implemented successfully. In conventional Benchmarking method, some pre-determined indicators are measured and the values are presented in graphical format in order to be compared with each other. The indicators which carry the best values would be used to improve the functionality of other irrigation networks. In this study, numerical analysis approach has also been added to the conventional Benchmarking method. In new Benchmarking method in addition to the graphical comparison, the indicators are also valued and their amounts are normalized. For comparison purposes the selected indicators have been categorized in to: managerial, technical, agricultural productivity, financial and environmental groups. Two existing irrigation and drainage networks called Brimvand and Dinevar networks were selected in Kermanshah province in the west of Iran. The proposed Benchmarking approach was used to evaluate the value of the selected indicators. The best measured value of indicators was tagged as a benchmark and standard level with allocated quantity of 1 or 100%. The pair wise comparison matrix using some experts' viewpoints was applied and the inter-relation coefficient of indicators and views were determined using analytical hierarchy process method. The application of above mentioned approach to the Brimvand and Dinevar networks showed inter-relation coefficient values of 0.8708 and 0.9054, respectively. Similar comparison for management performance view point in Brimvand and Dinevar networks showed 0.9128 and 0.9074 values, for technical view point 0.7660 and 0.9731, for productivity efficiency 0.8607, 0.8728, for financial view point 0.8613 and 0.9276 and finally for environmental view point 0.8751 and 0.8187, respectively. Based on the analysis of the above mentioned values, the relative importance coefficients have been calculated in order to define the priority of performance improvement among the five category of indicators. Calculations showed that the orders of performance improvement priorities in Brimvand irrigation network are: management view points with quantity of 0.0394, technical 0.0356, productive efficiency 0.0328, financial 0.0133 and environmental 0.008, respectively. Similar orders of performance improvement priorities for Dinavar irrigation network are: the management viewpoint 0.0419, technical 0.0041, productive efficiency 0.0299, financial 0.0328 and environmental 0.008, respectively.