In order to study the possibility of growing four annual desert halophyte species including Kochia scoparia, Suaeda dimorphestegia, Salsola crassa and Atriplex arcuata in desert environments, irrigating with saline ground WATER, a research project comprising of three separate experiments was performed during three successive years, 2002-2003, 2003-2004 and 2004-2005. Field experiment carried out in a split plot design in which three levels of saline irrigation WATER (1.5, 9.5 and 26.0 dS/m) were arranged as main and four halophyte species as sub plots with three replications. There were high significant differences in ground covering, electrolyte leakage, dry matter accumulation and plant hight among halophyte species. Suaeda produced at least twice of dry matter as any other species at any level of salinity. The average dry matter production of this species in three years and at three levels of salinity was 11850 kg/ha, while this amount was 4725, 5136 and 3616 kg/ha for Kochia, Salsola and Atriplex, respectively. Ratio of leaf to shoot weight was varying from 39% in Atriplex to 56% in at full flowering stage. In conclusion, germination and plant stablishment of these four annual halophytes should be explored for domestication. High dry matter production of these species in WATERing with saline WATERs of more than 70% of seaWATER, make them capable for production in very high saline lands, as well as irrigation with high saline WATERs.

In this study three digestible energy levels at constant protein level of 35% were utilized. Diets were made in semipurified that in all of them fish meal, casein and gelatin as the sources of protein and dextrin, starch and oil as the sources of energy were used. Each of experimental diets was fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish with an average individual weight of 81.5g in 3 2000/L, flow through fiberglass tanks that each of tanks divided exactly into three parts by polyethilen plastic net. During this experiment WATER temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and EC were 15±2°C, 6-8.5 mg/l, 7.5-8.8 and 25400mm Cm respectively. The diets were fed at a rate between 1.6-2% wet body weight per day, depended to WATER temperature, in three equal rations and adjusted two weekly for 84 days. Weight gain (WG%), average daily growth percent (ADG%), protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent net protein utilization percent (ANPU%) or protein deposited percent (PD%), specific growth rate (SGR) were found to increase and food conversion rate (FCR) was found to decrease with an increasing energy levels from 370 to 430 Kcal/100g. The best growth performance was attained by fish fed a 35% protein and 430 Kcal/100g digestible energy (crude lipid 19.8%). Fat and moisture of carcass were affected by energy levels of test diets, while protein and ash of carcass were relatively constant in different treatments.

Background and Objectives: Based on previous studies it was known that in the most of countries prevalence of nosocomial infections is 6 to 10 percent. However with using right methods of disinfection and antiseptics and sanitation a lot of this infections could be controlled with a low cost. Various mineral and organic antiseptics could be used in hospitals to disinfect. The objective of this study is to possibility of making a liquid disinfectant in method of NaCl electrolysis and study it's application for disinfection of surfaces.Materials and Methods: A pilot was designed for this study. Solutions with 5 density of NaCl (1, 3, 5, 7, 10 %) in 4 different pH (2, 4.5, 7, 9.5, 10) was prepared and got under influence of 5 currents (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 Ampers).Then a sample gathered from anode column of pilot and was examined on Staphilococus aureus microbial strain based on 9485 standard of ISIRI.Results: Results from this study showed that increasing density of salt, increasing electrical flow and decreasing pH causes more bacterial mortality in Staphilococus aureus strain.Conclusion: Results from this study showed that in1- 5% salt density, pH=7 and 1A electrical flow every bacteria in Staphilococus aureus strain will be destroyed completely.

Due to the quality of the WATER entering the WATER purifiers, sometimes the amount of solutes and hardness in the WATER is so high that after a short time, these systems become clogged or full. To solve this problem. Several methods have been proposed in this study, acid injection and its effect on reverse osmosis system by wave software have been investigated. To ensure the condition and accuracy of the incoming WATER, the necessary tests were performed through the laboratory and the condition of the WATER and the number of ions and its salts were reported. By injecting acid into the inlet WATER, the pH value was reduced from 7. 58, which is the normal pH of the WATER, to 5 by micrograph in 0. 2 intervals, and after examination, the following results were obtained: With decreasing pH, the LSI number has a suitable decrease, so that at pH 6. 1 and lower, the LSI number is negative and this indicates the lack of premature fouling. However, with this reduction, the acidic property of the treated WATER increases and the possibility of chemical corrosion of the industrial equipment used increases, on the other hand, by injecting acid and lowering the pH, the amount of TDS increased, which should be tried in different ways to minimize this amount. In comparison between injections of two acids performed under the same conditions, the amount of TDS at the time of H2SO4 injection at the pH limit was 10% less than the time of HCl injection.

Background and Objectives: Caspian Amphipod is vivacious and very flexible in maintenance and is suitable for reproduction and breeding in different environments, especially fresh WATER. In the present study, samples (Pontogammarus maeoticus) were collected from the Caspian Sea coast (Kiashahr port), then transferred to the laboratory and adapted to the laboratory environment and fresh WATER in 14 days. male and female samples were identified by studying the animal's behavior. They were treated and studied separately, from birth to preparation for reproduction in three generations, in brackish (12 ppt) and fresh WATER. During the experiment, temperature was constant (25±1ᵒC), pH was 7. 8 and the lighting period was according to the daily natural pattern (14/10 light/dark) and feeding was once a day. Methods: Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 and Excel 2016 software. The data normality was evaluated by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. ANOVA test, Tukey’s test was also used to compare results. Findings: Reproduction was successful in both environments, but copulation time, oocytes and brood production were different. Preparation for reproduction and copulation takes longer and the number of broods are less compared in freshWATER to brackish WATER. It seems the effective factors in the reproduction difference depended WATER solutes and type of nutrition. In the present study, the possibility of propagation and maintenance of Caspian Sea Pontogammarus is possible and recommended in fresh WATER. Conclusion: Mass production of Pontogamarus is feasible on a technical scale in fresh WATER.

In this investigation rainbow trout growth rate, blood factors, food valuables were studied in fresh and brackish WATER. For this reason, some 180 young rainbow trout with weight of 47.10 0.1g were released in 6 polyethylen basins with capacity of 1.5m3 WATER. Two treatments with three repetitions were done. At the time of testing, feeding for each repetition was done with trend to WATER degree and fish biomass. The biometery from each fish was done and recorded every 15-day. After 126 days, the live fishes were transferred to libratory and after biometry, their weight and length; all blood desired factors were measured with taking blood from their hearth. Also chemical analyzed of their muscle was done. The results showed that fish growth in brackish WATER from after third biometry process showed significant increase. With due attention to other treatment amount of WBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Lymp Throm and K+ in brackish WATER showed significant increase compared to fresh WATER (P<0.05). Also chemical analyze test showed that the amount of fat, dry material in brackish WATER fishes had a significant difference (P<0.05). Wet amount of fish’s muscle in brackish WATER was higher compare to freshWATER and had significant differences (P<0.05).

This experiment was conducted to increase the resistance of tiger barb (Capoeta tetrazona) against environmental stress by feeding brackish WATER Gammarus sp. Powder as supplementary diet in three levels (25%, 50% and 75%) and three replicates pe group compared to control group for 60 days. fishes was fed with 4 diet treatment containea of: 100% artificial diet (control group), 25% BRAKISH WATER gammarus and 75% artificial diet, 50% BRAKISH WATER gammarus and 50% artificial diet and 75% brackish WATER gammarus and 25% artifical diet. At the end of experiment, the group that was fed with 25% brackish WATER gammarus powder and 75% artificial food in exposed to pH=3.8, temperature=15c and deficiency of oxygen hat a significant higher for survival than other groups. At the results obtained, it can be suggested that using of 25% brackish WATER Gammarus powder with artificial diet SFT00 for rainbow trout is suitable for production of highly quality ornamental tiger fish.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Celmanax commercial prebiotic on growth performance, nutritional efficiency, blood and plasma biochemical indices in beluga, Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758) in a 120-day feeding period. So that, 120 individuals of beluga with the average weight of 4. 66 ± 0. 26 kg were transferred to 12 holding cage nets, 1. 20 × 1 × 2 m in size at a depth of 1. 5 m with a completely randomized design as four treatments with three replications including control (without prebiotic) and three experimental treatments fed by diets containing 0. 5, 1, 1. 5 g/kg prebiotic. The results exhibited that adding Celmanax to the diet, especially 0. 5 g/kg, significantly enhanced relative weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and relative eating (p<0. 05). However, no significant effect was observed in the protein and fat ratio (p>0. 05). There were also no significant differences between the treatments fed by prebiotic compared to control with respect to hemoglobin, mean corposcular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (p>0. 05). Analyses on biochemical indices indicated that there were significant differences in total protein, glucose and triglyceride in blood plasma levels. Totally, according to the results, 0. 5 g/kg Celmanax in diet can effectively enhance growth performance, nutritional efficiency and blood indices in cultured beluga.

In this experiment for study of growth performance of rainbow trout in two kinds of WATERs, two groups of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykis) with the mean weight of 29.1±3.37 g were cultured in brackish WATER treatment with salinity of 2.950 PPt. and fresh WATER with 0.57 PPt. for 40 days respectively. Each treatment was conducted in triplicates (245 rainbow Trout fish). At the termination of experiment, the obtained data were analyzed in t-test experiment. The results showed that growth and feeding performance of Raibow trout in brackish WATER was increased and had significant difference (P<0.05) in comparison with fresh WATER. The final body weight and final body length of Raibow trout fish (82.69±5.3 g, 19.1±2.6 cm) in BRAKISH WATER treatment had significant difference (P<0.05) in comparison with fresh WATER treatment (69.2±7.5 g and 17.6±3.1 cm) (P<0.05).Also in brackish WATER treatment, the parameters of daily growth coefficient, specific growth rate of length, velocity of length and velocity of weight in comparison with fresh WATER treatment was significantly increased (P<0.05). The lowest food conversion ratio (1.6), highest protein efficiency ratio (1.8) and lipid efficiency ratio (7.7) were obtained in brackish WATER treatment and showed significant difference (P<0.05) with fresh WATER. The present study showed that rainbow trout had a good ability of growth in brackish WATER in comparison with fresh WATER and growth performance of this fish in BRAKISH WATER is higher.