A few specimens collected from northeast of Iran were identified Helvella Acetabulum (L.) Quél. (Pezizales, Helvellaceae) (Dennis 1981): Fruit-bodies (apothecia) cup shape, 2–6 cm diam., inner or fertile surface pale brown, glabrous; lower surface yellow brown to brown, with pallid to cream-coloured ribs extending from the stipe base to the cup; margin incurved toward the center when young, irregular and torn in age. Stipe 2–5 cm high, 2–4 cm thick, whitish to pale creamy, deeply ribbed. Asci cylindrical, hyaline, 8-spored. Ascospores broad ellipsoid, hyaline, with an oil droplet, 15–18 × 10–13 µm (Fig.1).Materials examined: W Azarbaijan province, Naghade to Oshnavieh, on soil, 15.5.2010, Aghaalinejhad and Ozzar (IRAN 14727 F); W Azarbaijan province, Piranshahr to Jaldian, on soil, 20.5.2009, Asef (IRAN 14781 F); Kordestan province, Marivan, Negel, on soil, 5.5.2006, Asef (IRAN 14780 F); E Azarbaijan province, Arasbaran, Makidi, on soil, 8.6.2007, Asef (IRAN 14779 F).Cup shape fruit-bodies, ribs on surface of stipe and apothecium clearly distinguish H. Acetabulum. Two species, H. leucomelaena (Pers.) Nannf. andH. queletii Bres. also have veined stipe, but the ribs seldom extending to the cup. This fungus has previously been reported from forests of Golestan province (Arefipour et al.2004).

Background: The posterior of acetabular cup in total hip replacement can be affected by the central osteophytes in the acetabular fovea. We are proposing a classification of such osteophytes based on direct observation and CT scan of osteoarthritis hips.Methods: This study was composed of two sections: first, 276 cases with all clinical and radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis of hip–with no history of fracture or pelvic bony surgery – were studied by radiographs and CT Scans. The changes in the acetabular osteophytes were evaluated and categorized. Secondly, 57 cases of hip osteoarthritis who were undergoing hip arthroplasty received direct observation of the acetabular osteophytes and categorization of the acetabular fovea in accordance with the above classification system. The relation of primary etiology of hip osteoarthritis with the osteophyte classification was also studied.Results: According to radiographs, CT Scans and direct visualization, four types of acetabular osteophytes were identified.Type I: Normal acetabular with 5mm distance from rim to the floor; type IIa: Evidence of sclerosis around fovea; type IIb: Sclerosis forming a ceiling, like an umbrella over the fovea; type IIc: The foveal osteophytes are almost touching in the center; type III: Osteophytes have fully covered the fovea, making the acetubular look very shallow.Conclusion: Study and categorization of acetabular osteophytes with radiographs and CT scan would be a helpful preoperative tool for more accurate reaming of the acetabular cavity and cup positioning in hip osteoarthritis.

Background: Low-dose computed tomography (CT) is the preferred method for post-reduction evaluation of hips of infants in spica casts, but the assessment of acetabular morphological features in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) using CT has not be done before. Objectives: To determine CT imaging characteristics of the Acetabulum in DDH and to be able to determine DDH in pelvic CT examinations performed for different purposes. Patients and Methods: CT images of 102 consecutive patients with DDH (90 females, 12 males) and 51 age-matched controls (26 females, 25 males) were included in this study. Acetabular shape abnormalities, surface irregularity, subcortical sclerosis, shallowing, and measurement of acetabular cortical bone thickness were evaluated in coronal reformatted images. Differences in the cortical thickness of dysplastic and normal hips were assessed. Results: Forty-four patients (43. 1%) had unilateral and 58 had bilateral DDH (56. 9%). Acetabular margin irregularity was present in all patients with unilateral DDH and 55 of the 58 patients with bilateral DDH (94%). Thickening on the inferior part of the ilium compared to the normal side was seen in 41 of the 44 unilateral DDH patients (93%). In the 44 patients with unilateral DDH, the mean cortical thickness measured from the central part of the Acetabulum was 0. 86 0. 03mmand 0. 65 0. 03mmon the normal and dysplastic sides, respectively (P = 0. 0001). This difference was more distinct at the acetabular rim, measuring 1. 11  0. 06 mm and 0. 70 0. 04mmon normal and dysplastic sides, respectively (P = 0. 0001). Conclusion: Acetabular marginal irregularity and flattening is a reliable finding in the diagnosis of DDH when combined with thickening on the inferior part of ilium and will help in the diagnosis of DDH in patients older than 6 months old with a pelvic CT scan due to diseases other than DDH.

After head trauma, pelvic fractures are the most common cause of death in patients with multiple trauma. The primary cause of death in patients with a pelvic fracture is uncontrollable bleeding, and in cases of delayed intervention, hemorrhagic shock is the main cause of death. Bleeding from the external iliac artery following Pelvic Ring and Acetabulum fractures is an uncommon injury and an orthopedic emergency. A 48-year-old man was referred to the hospital, diagnosed with an APC II Pelvic Ring, Acetabulum fractures. The patient developed thrombosis in the external iliac artery 48 hours after admission with a lack of femoral pulse. CT angiography was performed for further assessment. Then, upon surgery, the anterior column of the Acetabulum on the left side with symphysis disruption, an open reduction, and internal fixation with a 3. 5 reconstruction plate via a modified Stoppa approach was used. Sacroiliac disruption on the right side was repaired by percutaneous sacroiliac screw fixation. In the same session, the vascular repair was conducted via interposition graft of PTFE. After the treatment interventions, the patient's general condition was satisfactory, and he was discharged without any particular complication. Due to the possibility of arterial injury in this type of trauma, appropriate treatment can be done at the right time by checking pulses. While artery injuries are rare, they could be life-threatening.

Asymmetrical traumatic bilateral hip dislocations are rare in comparison to unilateral dislocations. In the present case report, we presented a 20-year-old man suffering from the asymmetrical traumatic bilateral hip dislocation, anterior dislocation on the left side, and posterior dislocation associated with Acetabulum fracture on the right side. Both dislocations were closely reduced in the operating room, and skeletal traction was applied to the right side due to the instability. A week later, the acetabular fracture went through the open reduction and internal fixation via the posterior Kocher-Langen beck approach. The 4-year follow-up of the patient was favorable.

Background: There are many challenges in using the type of treatment method for acetabular fractures, and the incorrect treatment of these fractures can have many complications for the patient. Therefore, we decided to do some research to examine the treatment results of patients who underwent surgery with a posterior approach. Methods: The files of patients admitted to the orthopedic department of the Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan City, Iran, were examined. After contacting the patients, performance outcomes were examined six months after the treatment of surgery results and final follow-up using the Harris Hip Score (HHS). Results: In this study, the total number of patients was 25, of which 80% were men and 20% were women. Treatment results were evaluated as good or excellent in 15 (60%) patients and had no statistically significant relationship with age and gender. 48% had no pain and lameness, and the others showed different degrees of pain. 96% of the people were able to climb the stairs, but 4% were unable to climb the stairs. 76% of the people could use public transportation, and the rest of the people could not. 40% of the people did not need to use crutches, and the rest depended on crutches to varying degrees. Conclusion: According to the therapeutic results obtained from the surgery, it can be concluded that this surgery has acceptable results.

Background: Hip instability following proximal femoral arthroplasty (PFA) after tumor resection remains a significant challenge.  Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of Acetabulum reconstruction using a shelf procedure in patients undergoing bipolar femur replacement after proximal femur tumor resection, focusing on dislocation rates and other complications. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 32 patients (21 males, 11 females) who underwent bipolar femur replacement with cemented shelf procedures following tumor resection. Data were collected from tumor databases, operating records, and pathology reports. The primary outcome was dislocation rate, with secondary outcomes, including fractures, infections, and implant survival. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system.  Results: The mean follow-up period was 77.46 months (range: 7–216 months). Primary tumors accounted for 68.75% of cases, with a 45% recurrence rate, while metastatic cases had a 70% recurrence rate. Orthopedic complications were observed in 78.1% of patients, with fractures, dislocations, and infections each occurring in a small percentage of cases. The dislocation rate was 6.3%, significantly lower than rates reported in previous studies. Lung metastasis was the leading cause of death in 71.43% of deceased patients. Conclusion: Bipolar hemiarthroplasty combined with Acetabulum reconstruction using the shelf procedure provides favorable functional outcomes and effective hip articulation, with a lower dislocation rate compared to other methods. This approach is a viable option for patients undergoing proximal or total femoral resection due to musculoskeletal tumors.