Introduction: AWARENESS during anesthesia is an unfavorable side effect for patients and about half of them worry about it. This side effect differs depending on different conditions of patient and anesthetic's drugs. According to special drug limitations in pregnant women we studied AWARENESS rate among pregnant women during cesarean section with general anesthesia from 1384 to 1385 in shohada hospital. Material &methods: It was a cross sectional study during 1384-1385 and included all patients with more them 18 yrs old age and ASA class I which had cesarean section with classic general anesthesia and they didn't have any systemic problem during or after operation. 24 hrs after surgery they were interviewed by special questionnaire containing 10demographic questions and 14questions about symptoms during surgery and anesthesia. Our results were presented in diagrams and we used K2 test for statistical analysis. Results: None of the patients heard the new born cry during anesthesia. One of the most common things due to AWARENESS during general anesthesia was hearing personal voices and instrument sounds (about 3%). The most common thing was inability to move during anesthesia (about 8%). Dreaming during cesarean section anesthesia was about 2.3%.Conclusion: If we considered all the mentioned things as AWARENESS, our drug limitation use during cesarean section causes relative high prevalence of AWARENESS during anesthesia. 

Background & Objective: Sellick's maneuver is a routinely used technique for the prevention of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during anesthesia. The rationale for the application of cricoid pressure necessitates that it is applied at the loss of consciousness during rapid sequence induction. Cricoid pressure therefore, may be fully applied at a level of anesthesia where AWARENESS, and possibly recall, of the: maneuver occurs.Materials & Methods: This study was setup to determine the frequency of AWARENESS and recall Sellick's maneuver following 100 patients (ASA I, II) who candidates for lower extremity surgery were randomly enrolled in this prospective study. After induction of anesthesia and application of cricoids pressure, symptoms of AWARENESS and recall were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and Spearman correlation.Results: The frequency of AWARENESS and recall were 45% and 16%respectively.The frequency distribution of AWARENESS severity based on grade 1, 2 and 3 were 16%, 6% and 1% respectively. The frequency distribution of recall severity based on mild, moderate and sever were 15%, zero and 1% respectively. The correlation between AWARENESS severity and recall severity was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Due to high frequency of AWARENESS and recall following Sellick's maneuver and its complications, it is available to revise the procedure of this maneuver and in particular the accurte time in its application.

Background and purpose: AWARENESS during general anesthesia is a frightening experience that often causes patients to panic and feel helpless even when there is no pain and no feel of body movement and manipulation by the surgeon.AWARENESS monitoring is still complicated and controversial. Nowadays this is based on electroencephalography data such as the bispectral index (BIS) or spectral edge frequency (SEF). However, there are not such devices for AWARENESS monitoring during anesthesia at our medical centers.The postoperative interview is most frequently used for AWARENESS monitoring. The validity of this method is questionable however, given the imperfect relation between AWARENESS and memory.Materials and Methods: After approval by the Mazandaran University human investigation committee, we consented and included women ASA1 whom undergon caesarian section under general anesthesia. The anesthetic procedure was standardized. Anesthesia was induced with thiopentone after loss of the evelash reflex, the lungs were ventilated with 100% oxygen. Patients were interviewed 24h after operation. The principal investigators classified each patient report as AWARENESS condition for example dreaming, feeling manipulation and etc. p<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: One of the most common intraoperative AWARENESS was related to hearing the sound of conversations between personnel or devices and instruments (2.8%).The most frequent condition of AWARENESS during anesthesia was being unable to move the body (7.9%). Dreaming during general anesthesia for caesarian section was observed in 2.3% of the patients.Conclusion: The limited use of drug during caesarian section leads to slight increase in AWARENESS during general anesthesia. We conclude that it is important to monitor AWARENESS during surgery. Our data showed that post operative interview is a useful method when BIS or SEF tools for monitoring of AWARENESS during general anesthesia are not available.

Background and Objective: God-AWARENESS is seeing God as present and observing oneself, and a God-aware person is self-aware. The aim of this research is to identify the Qur'anic components of God-AWARENESS and self-AWARENESS. Methods: According to the results, this research is qualitative and its method is analytical involving inferential analysis. The analysis of the data was conducted using coding methods by examining the text of eleven volumes of Tafsir al-Mizan in terms of the concepts of God-AWARENESS and self-AWARENESS until theoretical saturation was achieved. In this research, all ethical considerations have been observed, and the authors of the article have reported no conflicts of interest. Results: Based on the obtained results, open codes include 13 concepts, axial codes consist of 10 categories, and selective codes comprise 7 categories, which are as follows: human dependence on God, human submission to God, attention to self, neglect of self, drawing closer to God, servitude to God, and God-AWARENESS-self-AWARENESS. Conclusion: The results of this study, based on the extracted constructs, can be used to improve one of the components of life skills, which is self-AWARENESS, with an emphasis on self-AWARENESS and dependence on God.

Background: In Iran, general anaesthesia is more common than other anaesthetic methods in caesarean section and it is the first choice for pregnant mothers. So, we designed this study to compare the effect of isoflurane and propofol on mother’s AWARENESS and APGAR score in the neonatal delivered by selective caesarean section.Methods: In this double blind clinical trial study, 90 pregnant women (18-35-years old) with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification 1 or 2, who were condidate for selective caesarean, randomly assigned to two groups. Induction of anaesthesia was provided by propofol and succinylcholine in the same way, and maintenance of anaesthesia was provided by propofol in group 1 (100 mg/kg/min) and with isoflurane 1 MAC (Minimum alveolar concentration) in group 2 to maintain Bispectral index score (BIS) between 45 and 60. For statistical analysis t and chi-square tests were used.Findings: There was not a significant difference between the two groups in basic information, neonatal APGAR scores, and hemodynamic changes. 7 of 90 patients had dreams after being awakened (8.9 vs 6.7 percent in propofol and isoflurane groups, respectively) but no significant difference was detected.Conclusion: There was not a significant difference between two groups in Oncidence of AWARENESS, neonatal APGAR scores, and hemodynamic changes which correlated with other studies. Although, more studies with larger sample size needed to compare the effect of these two drugs.

Introduction:Amnesia is one of the most important goals in General Anesthasia. From the Point of Psychological views, AWARENESS in G.A is not desirable, and elimination of it, is necessary. Overall 1% of all patients have AWARENESS and it maybe 10% in some anesthesia techniques. There is not a precise statiscal survey about AWARENESS in NLA. This study attempts to present a statistical work.Methods: All of the 60 patients in this study were 20-45 years old, under spinal surgery and in class I - ASA. All of them have been taken 10mg of Diazepam over the night before operation and 7ml/kg of Ringer solution has been administered in the operating room. (Group A): Neurolept anesthesia started with induction (Talamoonale 0.1 ml/kg, Thiopental 5 mg/kg, Pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg), maintained with N20- Fentanyl (50 mg/30 min) 0.1mg/kg) and maintenance with (Halothane 0.6%, N20, Fentanyl 50 mg/30 min) was administered.A tape player was used during G.A. Patients were requested answer the questions in recovery room and 24 hour after anesthesia. Results:According to Z test, there is no significant difference in AWARENESS between the two groups studied. Also according to X2 test, there is no significant difference in AWARENESS between the two groups studied. All cases of AWARENESS were in 35-45 years of age. Conclusion:In NLA the voice heard by the patient is not perceived unpleasant. According to results, AWARENESS in NLA was not more compared to the other anesthesia techniques. So NLA can be used as a safe technique with more advantage in Poor Risk patients and who needs wake up test during surgery.

Introduction: amnesia is one of the most important goals in General Anesthasia. From the point of Psychological views, AWARENESS in general Anesthesia is not desirable, and elimination of it, is necessary. Overiall 1% of all patients have AWARENESS and it maybe 10% in some anesthesia techniques. There is not a precise statiscal survey about AWARENESS in NLA. This study attempts to present a statiscal work. Methods: All of the 60 patients in this study were 20-45 years old, under spinal surgery and in class I-ASA. All of them have been taken 10 mg of Diazepam over the night before operation and 7ml/kg of Ringer solution has been administered in the operating room. (Group A): Neurolept anesthesia started with induction (Talamonale 0.1 ml/kg, Thiopental 5 mg/kg, Pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg), maintained with N2O-Fentanyl (50 µg/30 min).(Group B): Induction with (Fentanyl 1.5 µg Thiopenthal 5 mg/kg, Pancuroniom 0.1 mg/kg) and maintanence with (Halothane 0.6%, N2O, Fentanyl 50 µg/30 min) was administerd.Atype player was used during G.A. Patients were requested answer the questions in recovery room and 24 hour after anesthesia. Results: According to Z test, there is no significant difference in AWARENESS between the tow groups studied. Also according to X2test, there is no significant difference in AWARENESS between the tow groups studied. All cases of AWARENESS were in 35-45 years of agr. Conclusion: In NLA the voice heard by the patient is not percieved unpleasant. According to results, AWARENESS in NLA was not more comparred to the other anesthesia techniques. So NLA can be used as a safe technique with more advantage in Poor Risk patients and who needs wake up test during surgery.