Objective(s): To determine the trend of crude and age standardized incidence rate of lung cancer in Fars province, southern Iran, from 2001 to 2008. In this epidemiological study, using Fars province cancer registry data the incidence rates were calculated per 100, 000 people a year and age standardized incidence rate was performed by direct method using the world standard population.Methods: Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 16 and Microsoft Excel version 2007. Out of 743 lung cancer cases, 72 percent were male and 28 percent were female.Results: The results showed that through an eight-year period the age standardized incidence rate has increased 3.9 times from 1.5 in 2001 to 5.9 in 2008 per 100,000 people a year. Also, the lung cancer incidence rate in Fars province exhibited an increasing trend and proved to be higher in male and elderly age groups.Conclusion: According to the results, Fars province considered as low incidence rate area in terms of age standardized incidence rate of lung cancer.

Purpose: To determine and compare the frequency and distribution of pterygium in patients with and without senile cataract.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study 98 patients with cataract (196 eyes) and 98 patients without cataract (196 eyes) almost in the same age and sex, and without any probable and definite cataract risk factor like diabetes mellitus, eye trauma,... were selected and examined.Results: Findings of 196 eyes with cataract showed that frequency of ptreygium in right eyes was 26.5% and in left eyes was 17.3%. Findings of 196 eyes without cataract showed a frequency of 14.2% in right eyes and 16.3% in left eyes. Pterygium in right eyes had significant difference between two groups (X2 = 4.52, P<0.03) but there were not any significant difference between the left eyes (X2 = 0.3, P<0.82). Conclusion: UV rays contribute to cataract and pterygium formation.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of age on stereopsis.Methods: We evaluated stereoacuity using TNO and titmus test after full correction of refractive errors in 87 randomly selected subjects aged 5-80 years.Results: There was a significant relashionship between stereopsis and age such that stereoacuity increased with aging (ANOVA, P<0.001).Conculsion: Stereopsis decreases with aging and therefore age of the patient should be considered in this regard.

Background: Cancer is the second most common cause of death in developed countries. The incidence of the different histological types of cancer varies greatly between different populations and it is attributed to occupational, social. cultural, racial, (possibly hereditary), and geographic influences. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of age distribution and the frequency of different cancers, registered in different diagnostic centers in Babol during the year 2001.Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study, characteristics of all registered malignancies were obtained from special records in different diagnostic centers in Babol using the International Classification of Disease (ICD). The data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Among 632 cases, 57.9% were males and 42.1% were females. 53.3% of malignancies occurred after 60 years old and 46.7% before 60 years. The mean age at diagnosis was significantly higher among males (59 years) than females (51 years), (p<0.001). The 10 most common malignancies among males were: stomach (24.9%), skin (10.7%), esophagus (10.1%), urinary bladder (8.2%), prostate (6.6%), colon and rectum (6.6%), hematopoietic system (4.9%), lymphatic system (4.6%), testes (3.8%) and connective tissue (2.7%). Meanwhile, the 10 most common malignancies among females were: breast (21 .4%), stomach (12.4%), esophagus (12%), colon and rectum (9%), hematopoietic system (7.9%), skin (7.5%), lymphatic system (3.8%), cervix (3%), ovary (2.6%) and thyroid gland (1.5%).Conclusions: With increasing age, the frequency of different cancers increases and our results indicate that more than half of the cases are 60 years or above. Stomach cancer is the most common malignancy of this region and occurs most frequently during 7th and 8th decades of life. The most common malignancy among females is breast cancer and occurs most frequently during the 4th-6th decades of life.

Introduction: Cancers are one of the leading causes of death in the world after cardiovascular disease. The epidemiology of cancer in each region depends on race, age, sex, cultural, social, nutritional, and lifestyle habits. This study aims to determine the standardized incidence of common cancers in Torbat-e-Jam. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed cross-sectionally on all diagnosed cases of cancer in Torbat Jam city in 2014. In this study, after eliminating non-native and recurrent cases, 206 patients were evaluated and the standardized age of various cancers was calculated. Results: In this study, out of 206 cancer patients, 52. 9% were men and 47. 1% were women. The standardized incidence of cancer in men and women was 167. 3 and 137. 6 percent, respectively. The most common cancers in men are gastric cancer with 24 cases (22%), esophagus with 20 cases (18. 3%), skin with 10 cases (9. 2%) and esophageal cancer in women with 22 cases (22. 7%), and breast cancer with 22 cases (22. 7%). And stomach with 9 cases (9. 3%). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the most common cancers in Torbat Jam in 1393 are cancers of the gastrointestinal tract and breast, respectively, so conduct research with advanced methods, proper implementation of screening programs and early diagnosis and training of all community groups on risk factors and Signs and symptoms of cancer are essential.

In spite of advances in modem medicine and the control of infectious diseases in middle of the 20 th century, injuries have emerged as a main threat to the state of being well and health of children and adolescents. Despite the evidences, the epidemiology of the problem and proper strategies are not yet fully understood. In this cross -sectional study 17 primary state schools with 4597 students were selected by using cluster -random sampling in scholar year 1998-1999.In this period 89 injuries were reported-and incidence rate of school injuries was calculated 19 per 1000 students per year. The injuries more occurred in boys and students of the fourth and fifth grade in comparison with other sex and grades (P<0.01).The rate of injuries in afternoon is higher than morning and the first 2 days of the week, but this difference wasn't statistically significant.Results showed that the most common locations of injury were paly grounds (50.5%).To fall down on the ground and falling off the heights was the most frequent cause of injury (46.5%). Head and face were the most common injured parts of the body (56.1%). Swelling, contusion and abrasion were among the most frequent injuries (74.1%).

Introduction: Today, due to unhealthy lifestyle, we are facing an increase in non-communicable diseases, including cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the age-standardized and crud incidence rate of 5 common cancers in Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all diagnosed cases of cancer in the cities covered by Jiroft University of Medical Sciences in 2017. After eliminating duplicates, the crude and standardized age of 5 common cancers was calculated. SPSS software version 22 was used for data analysis. Results: In this study, 601 cancer patients in 2017 with a mean age of 55. 53 ± 21. 82 years were studied. Of these, 347 (57%) cases included cancers in males. The highest incidence of cancer was in the age group of 64-60 with a frequency of 76 (12. 6%). The crude incidence and standardized age incidence of total cancers in the university-covered population were 88. 21 and 110. 89 per 100, 000, respectively, and the most common cancers in the total population included breast, skin, lung, liver, brain and nervous system. Conclusion: Decreasing the age of cancer in population of study and high incidence in men as well as the difference of 5 common cancers in each region indicate that the risk factors are different in different regions. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct qualitative research, correct implementation of screening programs and early diagnosis and education of all groups in the community to identify risk factors and adjust and control them.

This article seeks to present the importance of age structure changes in unemployment changes. Therefore, by drawing a picture of changes in unemployment in Iran, their impact on changes in age structure is examined. The data is derived from the 1965-2016 Iranian decennial general censuses of population and housing An attempt has been made to analyze . unemployment trends by gender for urban and rural areas using a cross-sectional approach. An examination of unemployment indicators showed an increase in unemployment of women and men in 2006 and 2016. The standardization of the proportion of unemployed people shows that similarity in age distribution and education distribution cannot remove their differences in unemployment in the years when unemployment has increased. This finding holds for women in the whole country and women and men in urban and rural, the only exception being men in the whole country. Therefore, recent changes in unemployment must be attributed to factors other than changes in age structure and education composition such as personal characteristics (marital status and professional skills) as well as managerial problems and the lack of relevance between people's skills and requirements of the labor market.