Basic life support (BLS) following by Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) is intended to rescue the patients with acute circulatory or respiratory failure or both. The most important determinant of short and long-term neurologically intact survival is the interval from the onset of the cardiac or respiratory onset to restoration of effective spontaneous functions of these vital activities.It is commonly accepted that every physician, regardless of specialty, should be able to  perform CPR. It must be also emphasized that CPR, almost invariably, necessitates a rapid interventional follow-care with ACLS procedure.Without well-performed basic life support, advanced cardiac life support is of no remark-: able benefit, BLS and ACLS are processes that must be performed step by step and with respect to the patient's condition.

Background: Cardiopulmonary arrest is one of the most important affairs in pediatric emergency room. Medical identification of causes of cardiopulmonary arrest, the success rate and effective factors of resuscitation can lead to development of new methods to protect children from dangerous situations.Methods: This is an observational retrospective and case-series study.All of the children who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in Children's Medical Center, Tehran, entered this study.Findings: Totally 71 children entered the study (57.7% boys, 42.3% girls). 69.1% of these children were younger than 1 year. Almost half of them didn’t have any history of chronic illness before cardiopulmonary arrest. CPR was successful in 45 (68.4%) children. The most common causes necessitating CPR were respiratory and cardiac problems, seizure, hypothermia and intoxication.Conclusions: Regarding the dominancy of the respiratory causes of cardiopulmonary arrest in children, many of CPR cases will recover by simple procedures like opening the airway and applying ventilation. So, morbidity and mortality can be reduced by educating the families in primary resuscitation care.

BACKGROUNDAND OBJECTIVE: Several studies have shown that hospitals with trained and designated emergency personnel have improved survival performance and hospital discharge. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of trained team on improving the outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in Imam Khomeini hospital, Tehran, Iran.METHODS: This clinical trial study was performed on 87 patients as control group and 53 as intervention group. In control group, after announcing CPR code, routine team (a nurse, Intern and medical resident) performed CPR. In intervention group CPR team included two trained nurses and an emergency medicine resident that were present in emergency department A checklist was used to evaluate the performance and quality of CPR team that was prepared based on American heart association. Physiologic variables and patient condition was obtained from the file. Data was analyzed by parametric and non-parametric statistical methods and p<0.05 was considered significant.FINDINGS: The results showed that the mean age of resuscitated patients in control group was 58.1±19.6 that in comparison to second group (59.4±19.2), there was no significant difference. Also there was no significant difference in physiologic variables of patients before occurrence of cardiac arrest in two groups. However survival in males was more successful but this difference was not statistically significant There was a significant difference in survival after CPR, between control and intervention group (18.4% versus 30%, p<0.01 and also the mean of hours' survival 28 versus 88.44 hours, p<0.001).CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, trained and designated emergency personnel have improved event and survival. So CPR team training and continuing education for all nurses and residents should be considered. CPR team should be aware of up to date knowledge of CPR in order to decrease the mortality rate.

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a critical performance in pregnant women, and if it is done correctly mother and fetus will be rescued. Anatomic and physiologic changes in pregnancy should be considered. The fetus increases the oxygen demand and carbon dioxide production, so the function of cardiopulmonary system increases and consequently cardiac output, heart rate, minute ventilation, tidal volume and respiratory rate increase. In airway management, since the respiratory tract is fragile and edematous, in applying supportive devices occurrence of hemorrhage and more edema should be considered. In breathing support we should avoid the increase or decrease of ventilation, since changes in Co2 and PH decreases placental perfusion. Because of pendulous breast and diaphragm heightening, cardiac massage should be done in the middle of sternum. Drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy, but tratogenicity should be afforded. Conclusion: Finally, after five minutes if CPR was not successful cesarean section should be done, since it is an effective factor in better resuscitation of mother and will improve the survival and neurological state of infant.

Introduction: The effect of the presence of trained personnel in the team on the outcome of resuscitation has been proved in previous studies. An informative need assessment, in the environment of present study, reveals the role of the nurses’ knowledge in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Therefore, this study was designed to determine the effect of education through workshop on nurses’ sustained learning regarding resuscitation. Methods: An interventional study, using pre-test and post-test was carried out. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisted of two parts including individual characteristics and 21 multiple choice questions about necessary actions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This questionnaire was answered by the participants before, immediately after, and 6 months after the workshop. The results were analyzed using Repeated Measure ANOVA by SPSS software. Results: The highest score, the lowest score and the mean score in pre-test were 17, 6 and 10.12, respectively. These scores for the post-test were 21, 13 and 17.96, respectively. For the test held after 6 month, the highest score was 17, the lowest was 10 and the mean score was 15.02. Comparing the means of these tests showed a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test, and the test after 6 months. Conclusion: Although CPR workshops met the needs felt by nurses to some extent, the repetition of these workshops in regular bases (six months at maximum), seems to be necessary.

Background and Aim: Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) has been used by medical professionals to save the life of dying patients. To achieve more success rates in CPR, the timing factor is of great importance; as any delay in starting CPR will reduce the success rate. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the time elapsed between CPR code announcement and start of resuscitation on CPR outcome.Material and Method: In this cross-sectional study, data was collected from June 2004till June 2005 using checklists that were routinely used in CPR protocol. A total number of 327 cases of CPR were studied and the data was analyzed by SPSS software.Results: Our results showed that 163cases of CPR (49.9%) were immediately successful of those cases with immediate successful CPR, only 46 cases (28.2%) discharged from hospital and 117 cases (71.8%) died afterwards. In the other words, only 46 cases (14.06%) out of 327 patients who underwent CPR, discharged from hospital and the rest (85.94%) died. The mean time elapsed between CPR code announcement and the start of CPR operations was 1.63 minute and 1.87 minute in immediate successful and unsuccessful CPRs, respectively. This difference is statistically significant (P£0.001). The mean time elapsed between CPR code announcement and the start of CPR protocol in ultimate successful CPRs (the patients discharged) was 1.28 minute against 1.76 min for total of unsuccessful CPRs (P£0.001).Conclusion: This study showed that seconds of delay in starting CPR operations reduce the success rate and that the basic CPR should be started as soon as possible within the first 4 minutes followed by advanced CPR. So, reducing the delay time may lead to better outcome. This study also showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between delay time and outcome of CPR.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of training cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation management on knowledge of nurses working in maternity wards of Ganjavian Hospital, Dezful, Iran, in 2013.Background: Cardiaopulmonary cerebral arrest is one of the most dangerous situations that threats the life and requires immediate and appropriate action to survive and protect life and prevent irreparable/irrecoverable complications of the body vital organs.Method:This is a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study in which 40 nurses employed in maternal wards of Ganjavian Hospital in Dezful were recruited. The tool used in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire including 20 questions to determine the knowledge of nurses about cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation management. After the content validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed, it was distributed among and completed by the participants, before and after intervention. Training workshop was conducted in the form of lecture and practical training on manikin, 8 hours per day for 2 days in both basic and advanced level. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.Findings: Maximum and minimum scores of pretest were 13 and 5, respectively, with a mean of 9.90 and standard deviation 7.9. Maximum and minimum scores of post-test were 15 and 8, respectively with a mean of 11.25 and standard deviation 1.6. There was a statistically significant difference between scores of nurses’ knowledge, before and after training (P<0.0001).Conclusion:The findings provide strong evidence, supporting the important role of holding continuous in-service training courses of cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation to improve scientific qualification of the nurses. It is recommended to put more emphasis on resuscitation management process and standardization of the efforts of resuscitation team during emergency events.

Background and Aims: Cardiac arrest is the most common emergency with grave consequences but the high mortality can be easily prevented most of the times by some very simple maneuvers and skills. This condition can be easily managed by knowledge and practice of resuscitation skills. This study was performed to evaluate the knowledge of undergraduate medical students on Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ACLS).Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using responses to a questionnaire regarding BLS and ACLS by 61 medical students. The knowledge about standardized cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was evaluated using a written multiple choice test, 20 questions about BLS and 20 questions about ACLS. The results were analyzed with SPSS version 15.Results: The findings showed a severe lack of information about CPR in this group of medical students. The average scores of the BLS and ACLS tests among the students were 9.68±2.96 points from 20 questions and 8.36±2.98 points respectively. Their awareness about BLS was significantly higher than ACLS (p=0.016).Conclusion : Our results showed that medical students’ knowledge about CPR was not sufficient. Inclusion of this course in the undergraduate curriculum will increase the awareness and application of this valuable life saving maneuver.

Aim and Background: Several studies have shown that operating room and anesthesia nurses should have adequate knowledge in the field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of operating room and anesthesia students regarding accurate performance of CPR.Methods and Materials: This research was a cross sectional study including all 97 senior students of the operating room and anesthesia care in their second semester in Yazd University of Medical Sciences during 2012 – 2013. A two-part questionnaire was used to measure the knowledge of students. The first section included questions about age, gender and field and the second part was about correctly performing the cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The data analysis was done by descriptive (frequency table, the percentage index of mean, median and standard deviation) and Mann–Whitney test using SPSS-19 software.Findings: The students’ knowledge when confronting a patient with cardiopulmonary arrest and about basic life support was well enough, while it was intermediate regarding advanced CPR and post-CPR management.Conclusions: Generally speaking, the knowledge of the participants about CPR was intermediate and diverse necessary courses have been suggested.

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary arrest remains a major health problem and a cause of sudden death in the world. Immediate help to save the life of cardiac arrest patients is very important. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in schools could be an effective and affordable idea to develop those skills in the society. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on Basic Life Support knowledge and performance among the students.Method: In this quasi-experimental study, a total of 40 6th grade students from both sexes were selected randomly from Larschools from 2013 to 2014. Validity and reliability of the personal characteristics, knowledge questionnaire, checklist, and Half-body Cpr Training Manikin, “personal characteristics” and “knowledge” questionnaire, and checklist were completed before cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. The training session included theoretical and practical sessions. Right afterthe intervention and one month after the training, “knowledge” questionnaire and checklists were completed again. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results: The results showed significant difference in mean scores of knowledge and performance of students before, immediately, and one month after the training (P<0.001). After one month, mean score of knowledge and performance decreased in comparison with immediately after training (P<0.001) but remained significantly higher than before training (P-value<0.001). Although immediately after the training, there were no significant difference in the score of knowledge and performance of students according to their parents education, and mother’s occupation (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference in the mean score of performance of students according to their father’s occupation immediately after the training (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in the mean score of performance between body mass index groups immediately after the training (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study emphasizes the need for planning and implementing cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses among elementary school students; as well as, regular implementation and retraining courses in order to maintain and promote public health using school pediatric nurses.