The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of corruption on financial inclusion in Iran and selected member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation during the period 2005-2020. For this purpose, three variables have been used to measure financial inclusion and three separate models were estimated. The results of model estimation using the System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) showed that at a significant level of 5%, lagged financial inclusion, the level of per capita GDP and education have a positive and significant effect on financial inclusion. Also, the impact of corruption on financial inclusion is negative and significant. At a significance level of 5%, the expansion of Internet users and mobile subscribers has a positive and significant effect on financial inclusion. The high share of women in the total population has a significant and negative effect on financial inclusion. Based on the results, it is suggested that policymakers reduce the level of corruption and increase financial inclusion by reducing wide monopolies, eliminating the rent, improving the quality of regulations and creating widespread transparency.

governments worldwide are actively optimizing budget efficiency. This research aims to examine the relationship between government budget deficits and economic growth, emphasizing developed and developing countries, particularly the D8 group, during the period from 2010 to 2021, using the System Generalized Method of Moments ((SYS-GMM)). The results show that in developed and developing countries, especially the D8 group, the negative coefficient of the budget deficit on economic growth can be attributed to concerns such as the effect of congestion, high interest rates, or a decrease in trust in the economy due to financial imbalances and support for the neoclassical approach. In addition, there is an almost one-to-one positive effect between past economic growth and the current level of economic growth. However, this research helps to understand the sustainable impact of budget deficits on current economic conditions in developed and developing countries. Regarding the findings, policymakers should consider adopting contraptions that promote sustainable economic growth while exercising caution in budget deficit management.

One of the firms’ tools to provide a low-risk image is adopting a persistent dividend policy. However, it should be noted that due to financial constraints, many firms are unable to implement this policy in the long run. This research investigates the role of earnings quality in adopting a persistent dividend policy in 148 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) (includes 1628 observations) during 2007-2017. To measure earnings quality, I use five proxies and to investigate their role in adopting a persistent dividend policy, I employ partial adjustment model and dividends adjustment speed concept. To estimate the models, I apply the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) with system estimator. The research results show that compared with other firms, firms with lower total accruals, lower discretionary accruals, higher accruals quality, smoother earnings and higher overall earnings quality, are more able to conduct a persistent dividends policy. The research results using differenced-GMM estimator confirm the research primary results. These findings are consistent with the predictions of the signaling theory.

The phenomenon of unemployment is one of the major socio-economic problems that is directly and indirectly affected by the way of governance. Since the mid-1990s, under the influence of the development of new institutionalism literature and the recommendations of international institutions, governance and its components were considered as main deteminants of development strategy of countries and controlling the unemployment rate. According to the theory of new institutionalism, corruption is the main cause of unemployment and many economic problems of countries. The main aim of this research is to investigate the dynamic relationship between corruption and unemployment in OPEC member states for the period from 2005 to 2019. For this purpose, the generalized moment method (SGMM) is used in this research. The results indicate that corruption control can play an effective role in reducing the unemployment rate. Also, the political stability has a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate; In the sense that the reduction of political instabilities and more governance control over political events can lead to a reduction in the unemployment rate in OPEC member states.

Considering the interaction between economic growth and insurance industry in Iran, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and the insurance industry in selected provinces of Iran. For this purpose, a model consisting of three equations was designed to explain the relationship between economic growth, per capita premium and investment expenditure. In designing this model based on theoretical foundations, economic growth was considered as a function of per capita premiums and investment expenditure, and per capita premium considered as a function of economic growth and investment expenditure, and finally investment expenditures considered as a function of per capita premium and economic growth. The above model was estimated using the systemic generalized method of moments and the results indicate that there is a mutual positive relationship between per capita premium, economic growth and investment expenditure.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of imposing exchange rate arrangements on trading volume of regional trade cooperation in selected Islamic countries. Countries examined in this study, are ECO, GCC and D-8, consists of 26 countries during the years 2001-2012 using the generalized gravity model and a two-step system of generalized method of moments (GMM). The results show that applying different exchange rate arrangements has had significant influence on imports, so that in D-8 and ECO countries, free floating exchange rate arrangements with coefficients of 1.03 and 13.7 have had the greatest impacts on import. In GCC group, pegged arrangements with coefficient of 1.39 have had a significant and positive impact on the volume of bilateral trade between members.

In recent years, the increasing significance of creative industries has made them a topic of discussion in global economics. This has profound ramifications for the economic structures and employment of societies as the creative industries swiftly emerge as potent engines of economic growth and development. Creative industries utilize the creativity, innovation, skills, and aptitude of individuals to generate employment and have a high expansion potential. Using GMM the current study investigates the impact of creative industries on employment in 98 selected countries from 2011 to 2020. The results of this study indicate a positive and statistically significant effect of “creative industries” on employment in our three different models. The coefficient of creative industries in developed countries (0. 3539) is greater than its value in developing countries (0. 2992), as indicated by the results obtained. Consequently, it is anticipated that the influence of artistic, cultural, and creative productions on employment in these nations will be greater than in developing nations. Also, the results has demonstrated that inflation has an adverse effect on employment, while human capital, gross domestic product, investment, and the level of economic openness all have a positive influence on employment.

This study investigated the effect of firm-specific uncertainty on research & development investment; and the role of product market competition in this regard. The statistical research population includes 156 firms listed in Tehran Securities and Exchange from March 2015 to March 2022. It is used the multivariate regression models applying the dynamic panel data technique to test the hypotheses. Controlling for the endogeneity problem, it use the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments estimator to estimate the models. The findings showed that firm-specific uncertainty has a negative and significant effect on research & development investment; so, firms reduce research & development investment when firm-specific uncertainty increases, which is consistent with the real option theory. Therefore, considering the irreversible nature of R&D investment, firms reduce research & development investment under high uncertainty. On the other hand, product market competition has a positive and significant effect on research & development investment. In addition, product market competition significantly modulates the negative impact of firm-specific uncertainty on research & development investment, so leads to weakening the intensity of negative relationship between research & development investment and firm-specific uncertainty. These results are consistent with the theory of strategic growth options. According to this view, in a competitive environment under high uncertainty, firms face more pressure to survive in the market and invest heavily in research and development projects in order to gain a competitive advantage over competing firms; so, competition reduces the effect of uncertainty on research and development investment.

This paper reveals how many percent of Iranian households consume 100 percent of their current income or apply rule-of-thumb in consumption. To get the goal, Epstein-Zin utility function thereby will separate the elasticity of inter-temporal substitution and relative risk aversion. Then, the coefficient of rule-of-thumb in consumption will be estimated during 1980-2012 by using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Results indicate that about 26.5 percent of the Iranian households represent rule-of-thumb behavior, but the restact based on PIH and have inter-temporal consumption plan. Also, the coefficient of risk aversion for the consumption of Iranian households is about 8-22 percent.

Since paying over or not paying dividends can cause the firms to face financial crises, firms are always looking for discovery and using a target (optimal) dividend payout ratio. It should be noted that a dividend ratio is a dynamic number and a variety of factors affect it over time. The movement speed of the dividend payout ratio towards the target depends on several factors. This paper investigates the effect of firms’ characteristics (including size, growth opportunities, profitability, financial leverage and fluctuation in operating cash flows), on dividend payout adjustment speed using partial adjustment model with dynamic panel data and system-generalized method of moments in 148 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2006-2017. The results show that firm size has a negative effect and, growth opportunities, financial leverage, and fluctuation in operating cash flows have a positive impact on dividend payout adjustment speed. The robustness tests using the differenced-generalized method of moments confirm the research primary findings.