AbstractAmong the seven arts of the world, "music" is known as the first art. Music has become a popular media and cultural commodity in today's world. "Rap" music as a media tool of "hip-hop" subculture is a type of underground music. The problem of the current research is the genealogy of conflicts in Persian rap. In other words, what themes are there in the lyrics of this style of rap? Is this style, as some believe, emerged in order to warm up and introduce rap music, or is there another reason other than making this music attractive, which deserves to be addressed. The present article has tried to observe and analyze 22 pieces of "Dis" and "Dis Back" songs of Persian rap, which is a kind of musical conflict between two artists, and achieve the analysis of their theme networks. The current article finally reached 11 descriptive codes from 204 descriptive codes, which were merged into two comprehensive codes of "difference of insight" and "authoritarianism". Therefore, it can be concluded that the difference of views in the labels, people and their type of rap style including mainstream, underground, political rap and gangsta rap has caused some of these tensions and conflicts. Therefore, it is simplistic to reduce these conflicts only to "authoritarianism".

Dyspraxia is a condition which has received attention in understanding a variety of difficulties in learning exhibited by children. This paper presents an exploration of dyspraxia and dyspraxic children. The spectrum of this difficulties exhibited by dyspraxic children is very wide, from difficulties in walking over a straight line to reading-writing difficulties. This paper focuses on dyspraxia and dyspraxic children. Dyspraxic children can become disadvantaged. Specifically, the general policy in identifying their needs and supporting them are necessary for an appropriate intervention. Dyspraxic children are clearly having special educational needs along other children with special educational needs such as dyslexia, autism, etc. Dyspraxic children do not morally or legally receive enough attention mainly because they do not look different from their normal peers. This is why dyspraxia is usually addressed as a hidden handicap. It is not sufficient to make sure that there will be enough funding to support pupils with Special Educational Needs, it is also necessary to ensure that all the relevant pupils to be recognized as children with Special Educational Needs and receive the appropriate support and intervention within the educational system.        

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which ranges from ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non- ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) to unstable angina (UA) is a major reason for hospitalization in the United States. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality in Iran (46% of all deaths). The great majority of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients have at least one major risk factor. Dyslipidemia has been identified as one of the most important modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease.The aim of stady was to evaluate the frequency of dyslipidemia in ACS patients according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines (NCEP-ATP III). Material and Methods: We performed a descriptive survey of patients admitted in cardiac ward of Loghman hospital from November 2003 to March 2004. In this period of time 611 patients admitted with the primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Their lipid profile measured at the first 24 hours of their admission.Results: Their final diagnoses were acute myocardial infarction in 32%, Possible unstable angina in 26%, definite/probable unstable angina in 22% and non cardiac chest pain in 20%. Patients with the final diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome were 490 persons with the mean age of 61±2.2 year and 50.6 precent of them were female. Their mean total cholesterol was 214.4±53.8 mg/dl, mean triglyceride was 181.8±122.2 mg/dl, mean HDL-C was 47.1±14.3 mg/dl and mean LDL-C was 132.8±43.8 mg/dl. ACS patients had dyslipidemia in 61.8% and only 18.2% had normal serum lipids. Mean total cholesterol, mean triglyceride and mean LDL-C were significantly higher in women than men (p<0.001, p=0.037, p<0.001 respectively).Great majority (90.5%) of ACS patients had at least one of the major CHD risk factors and only 6.3 precent had LDL-C<70 mg/dl.Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is prevalent in ACS patients and ought to be diagnosed and treated immediately.

Our case is an 8 years old boy in whom the skin change was found a week after birth. Initially the involvement was limited to limbs but gradually it involved whole body skin. The skin manifestations are composed of hyper and hypo pigmented patch whit in each other. Pathologic finding was compatible with dyschromatosis universals hereditharia. This disease is a rare pigmentary disorder which is characterized with irregular hyper and hypo pigmented macula and patch in a reticular pattern. Skin manifestation can be limited to limbs or can be diffuse in all body skin. The lesions begin mostly several weeks after birth until 6 year of age.

A 17- year's old woman with ulnar dysmelia presented with right elbow, forearm, and wrist deformity. Xray revealed a partial absence and deficiency in longitudinal development of the distal half of her right ulna associated with dislocated radial head and bowed radius toward the ulna. She had a functional elbow, but her hand function due to severe ulnar deviation was compromised. In order to increase her limb function and improve the appearance, the forearm was reconstructed by one bone forearm procedure. Cosmetic and functional improvement was achieved in spite of limitation of pronation - supination in forearm.

Introduction: Thyroid disease e.g. hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hypothyroidism are among the most common endocrine disorders. Dyslipidemia is prevalent in thyroid diseases and lipid oxidation due to oxidative stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases. Antioxidant enzymes such as paraxonase have a protective role in these patients and their activity is altered in these diseases. This paper reviews serum level of these enzymes in thyroid disease and its association with cardiovascular disease. Different studies have shown that lipid disturbances and antioxidant enzyme alteration increases the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases We review the effect of treatment of thyroid disease on dyslipidemia and serum lipid oxidation and alteration in antioxidant enzyme activity and paraxonase enzyme level.