Background & objectives: Dental caries is one of the most chronic diseases in children. Various factors were effective in incidence and prevalence of dental caries. The aim of this study was to determine the dental caries prevalence among 6-12 years old school children in Ardabil city.Methods: In this descriptive–cross sectional study a total of 847 school children (444 girls and 403 boys) were randomly selected from public and private schools in all over of Ardabil city.Clinical examination of children have been done for dental caries according to world health organization (WHO) criteria including determination of DMFT, dmft, DMFS and dental caries prevalence. Data were analysed in SPSS.16 by statistical methods.Results: Total prevalence of dental caries was 79.7% in children with 71.1 % in permanent and 88.3 % in primary dentition. The mean of dmft, DMFT, DMFS indexes were 2.74 ± 0.09, 1.6±0.1, and 3.5 ± 0.1, repectively. Results showed that there was a significant relation between DMFT, dmft and DMFS and age group.Conclusion: Results showed that the dental caries prevalence among 6-12 years-old school children in Ardabil city was higher than the world standard. Therefore, improving the existing dental services, programing and performing education, prevention and treatment programs for oral health between school children seems to be necessary in the future.

The aim of this study was to examine the level of physical literacy for 8-12 years students. The method was descriptive with field studies. The sample included all second to sixth grades in Tehran. 284 students in 8 elementary schools were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Physical Literacy Test with 4 domains of Physical competence, Daily physical activity, Motivation and self-confidence, and Knowledge and understanding was used to collect data. The results showed the low level of physical literacy for students. It was also found that there is a significant difference between the scores of physical literacy with gender, age and body mass index, so that The boys' group had higher physical literacy and As the age increased, the level of physical literacy improved, which was less than the period from the terminal Childhood to adolescence, In addition the students with obesity and overweight BMI had fewer physical literacy than those with a recommended BMI. As a result of the studies, it was found that 8-12 years students do not have an acceptable level of physical literacy. This suggests that second-grade students up to the sixth grade have an active lifestyle and consequently they are far from the active and healthy life style. And if not taking this seriously, this group's health from a society may come with different physical, psychological and motor health risks in the future.

Background and Aims: Investigation of the most common and most important diagnostic-therapeutic needs of patients within a healthcare system is pivotal for effective planning and policymaking. This study aimed to examine the dental treatment needs of 7-12-years-old students of Babol, Iran. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study involved 729 students (264 girls and 465 boys) from elementary schools of Babol, Iran, who were actively attending school during the academic year 2015-2016. Information concerning the dental treatment needs of students was extracted from forms containing oral and dental examination data, as regulated by the Ministry of Health. The data were then subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 26 software by Chi-square test at significance level of 0. 05. Result: The prevalence of dental decay among students aged 7 to 12 in Babol city was 93. 5%. The most treatment needs were pulp therapy (517 students, 70%), restorative treatment (481 students, 66%), and fissure sealant (422 students, 58%), respectively. For permanent first molars, the highest therapeutic needs were fissure sealant (402 students, 55%) followed by restorative treatment (365 students, 50%). Notably, the frequency of the need for pulp therapy in the 7-9 age group exceeded that in the 10-12 age group (p<0. 001), and there was a higher frequency of scaling needs among boys compared to girls (p<0. 001). Conclusion: Almost all students needed dental treatments, and among them, the most needed treatment was the need for pulp therapy. Approximately half of the students required at least one restoration for a permanent first molar. These findings underscore a notable prevalence and severity of dental decay in both primary and permanent teeth among students in Babol city.

Background and Aims: fluoride is used as an anticaries agent in dentistry and Dental fluorosis is one of the side effects of chronic exposure to fluoride.The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of dental fluorosis among 12 to 15 years – old students in Mahmood Abad city.Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 504 Students of 12-15 years in the city of Mahmud abad of ghazvin form were sampled randomly. Inspection of teeth was done in the form of direct observation and regarding to WHO recommendation, Dean Index was used for classification fluorosis severity in our study. In order to accessing the data, variance and regression analysis also t & x2 tests have been used.Results: 464 (92.1 percent) students of 504 students had dental fluorosis (246 girls and 218 boys). In this study: there was no significant relationship between fluorosis prevalence and gender (P=0.202), but there was significant relationship with age (P=0.005). The prevalence of fluorosis varied in different teeth, so that the prevalence of fluorosis in Second molars, premolars and canines was higher than first molars, central and lateral tha was statistically significant. (p value=0.005) Conclusion: Regard to the results of this study, It is recommended that dentists don't use therapeutic fluoride in their treatment plan, because it can be contributed to increasing fluorosis severity in this region.

Introduction: Children are among high-risk groups in communities. Screening for disease symptoms in early years will help to promote their health. Fatigue is a prevalent complaint and has detrimental effects on personal and social functions. It may be the symptom of an undiagnosed disease, preventable if detected early.Methods: In this study we investigated the prevalence of fatigue in students aged between 12 and 15 years in Isfahan. One-thousand subjects in clustered sample from five districts in Isfahan were assessed by questionnaires, adopted from standard Rand short form questionnaire.Results: Prevalence of fatigue (score>22) was 5.6 percent in the students who were studied. All of the students had mild fatigue (girls: 10.1%, boys: 1.2%) (P<0.001). There was a significant relationship between fatigue and sleep quality (P<0.001).There was no significant relationship between employment or education of the students' mothers and their fatigue (P>0.05). Fatigue is more prevalent in students with 4 children in their families (insignificant). 39.4 percent of students did not take part in school exercises.Discussion: The prevalence of fatigue in students was less than in other communities. Probably lifestyle and under-reporting by students in our study are the main reasons for different results. We recommend that the community be educated about fatigue and that students be evaluated for this condition by physicians.  

Background and Objective: Children with behavioral disorders may be exposed to various harmful effects on their health and well-being in the long run. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of therapeutic painting on behavioral problems among 10-12 years old children. Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the study included 950 elementary school students in the city of Gonbad-e-Kavus in the academic year 2017-18 which were 950 children. In a multi-stage random sampling, 60 students were selected and categorized into two experimental and control groups. Martin's Art Therapy intervention was conducted for the experimental group, but no intervention was performed in the control group and the Rutter's Behavioral Questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using one-way covariance analysis via SPSS software version 20. Results: The mean (SD) age was 10. 4 (1. 6) years old in the experimental group and the mean 10. 6 (1. 7) in the control group. The mean (SD) score of behavioral problems in the experimental group was 10. 5 (7. 9) in the pretest, which decreased to 5. 7 (4. 4) in the post-test (P<0. 01). However, the mean (SD) score of behavioral problems was 10. 6 (6. 3) in the pretest and varied to 10. 5 (6. 8) in the post-test, which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study showed that therapeutic painting led to reduction of students' behavioral problems.