A yellowish species of desert truffles grows in deserts of Tarom (Zanjan provinces). This species forms 5-10 cm below the soil surface and is yellowish inside. The truffles that had been collected from this area were investigated in laboratories. Cytological evaluations showed that each ascus contains 8 ascospores. According to morphologic and cytological characteristics, this species was identified Terfezia boudieri Chatin. This species is not ectomycorrhizal with trees. Because the vegetation in the area consists of moss, lichen and perennial sedges. The field and anatomical studies showed that Kobresia bellardii (Cyperaceae) have ectomycorrhizal associations with Terfezia boudieri in studied areas.

In order to study on compatibility of Cupressus arizonica Greene, in 1995, 1521 Cupressus arizonica seedlings were planted in distance of 2´2.5 meter in Chamestan Research Station situated in a low land of Caspian Sea (north of Iran). The Results after 10 years showed that survival rate was very high about 92 percent. Mean diameter growth was 1 cm and Mean height growth is 79 cm. The standing volume 56 silve/ ha and the slenderness was 80 percent. The most fructification starts in fifth year. Generally, the results reveal that Cupressus arizonica has been adapted with region in the study period.

In this survey, for morphohistopathological study of the enteritis in fowls, 70 specimens of pathologic intestinal lesions were randomly collected from necropsied fowls with the signs of enteritis from different flocks at Tabriz poultry clinics in a course of 6 month. They subjected to detail morphological and histological studies. Epidemiologically, the prevalence of the various kinds of enteritis in association with age, strain and sex was evaluated. One-sample chi- square test, revealed that the highest rate of occurrence (78.57%), belonged to broilers (p<0.01). It was observed greatly in 4-6 weeks of age (p<0.01). Also, by chi- square test, a significant relation between the sex and age of affection confirmed (P<0.01), as in the males the most of affliction belonged to 4-6 weeks of age and in the females it was 1-3 weeks of age. Histopathologically, we found that the highest rates of enteritis, related to catarrhal, hemorrhagic and necrotic enteritis respectively (p<0.01). This investigation demonstrated that the strain of Ross was likely in high risk (p<0.05). The relation between the strains and the kinds of enteritis was not significant.

Considering the population growth in the third world countries and people’s need to food, employment, housing and other infrastructural requirements as well as the importance of environmental issues and the role of forests in the sustainable development of ecologies, we can suggest protection of forests and their proper utilization and development along with their economic, social and cultural values are part and parcel of forestuy affairs. In order to achieve the above–mentioneal targets, forestry projects are being carried out of which 50 percent is governmental, 15 percent cooperative and the rest belongs to the private sector. After more Than 15 years of the execution of these projects, the present article deals with the performance of project executors from the viewpoint of foresters. Totally 97 person were randomly selected as a sample of foresters who live in sari region Covered by private, governmental and cooperative executors. Data collection was done by questionaire confirmed by related specialists. Its reliability was determined through kronbakh alfa 85% the research result indicated that people’s cooperation with the governmental sector is for move than that of the other two sectors. It also revealed that the three sectors are quite different regarding the degree of presrvation, rerival and utilization of forests. The result of this research indicated that the governmental sector is more efficient than the other two sectors in forestry affairs.

The main objective of this research was to develop a method for cultivation of indigenous an exotic species via establishing the live medicinal plant gene bank. This collected plant species would help to prevent endanger of native medicinal plants, distinguish and adapt of divers species. The outcomes of this research lead to education and executive practices. This research has been carried out since 2000-2006 in collection of medicinal plants in Yazd province. During this plan, 206 species including 165 genera and 63 families have been cultivated. The seeds and seedlings were prepared from nature, research institute of forest and rangelands, research centers of provinces and a few import species. These plants were planted by direct or indirect (greenhouse and nursery) in different seasons, when they grew large enough were handled to main place. In this way plant the date of germination, stablishment. phenology and compatibility with Yazd climatic condition have been studied. in addition to familiarity with propagation method. The plant pests and diseases, water and fertilizer requirements, drought tolerance and weeds have been surveyed as far as possible. In this research of 206 species medicinal plants have been planted. So 160 species (77.7%) out of them completed their phenology, 24 species (11.6%) are growing, 4 species (1.9%) germinated and them died and 18 species (8.7%) never germinated. There were identified 40 weed species including 23 annual species and 17 perennial species belonging to 14 families. Also 31 pets species and 3 disease species were found on farm plants.

Tetranychus urticae reported as a major pest of bean in Lordeghan (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province) and other bean growing area in Iran and world. Spider mites cause noticeable damage on quality and quantity of bean. In these study effects of 12 pesticides (acaricides/insecticides) on T. urticae, a major pest of bean in Lordegan, was evaluated under field conditions. Two ovicides (Tetrandifon EC 18.5%, Clofentezine, SC 50%), one acaricide which controlled immature stages of the mite (Etoxazole SC10%) and nine acaricides/insecticides which were effective on both immature and adult stages of the mite (Amitraz EC 20%, Propargite EC 57% and 570 EW, Fenpropathrin EC 10% and FL 10%, Fenazaquin SC 20%, Hexythiazox EC 10%, Fenpyroximate SC 5% and Bromopropylate EC 25% were evaluated during 2002-2003. Split plot experiment was used for the field trail. Spraying time was selected as the main factor with two levels of mite infestation (20% and 40% of leaves infestation). Sampling was done one day before, 3, 7 and 14 days after pesticides application. Fourthy five leaves of each treatment (15 leaves of each replication) were sampled. Number of alive mites was counted in two squares centimeter on abaxial leaf surface of bean using Stereo binocular microscope. Statistical analysis was done on mortality percent obtained by Henderson-Tilton formula showed that, there was significant difference between two levels of infestations. Mortality percent at 20% was found significantly higher than the other level of infestation. Effects of pesticides applied significantly were found different at sampling intervals. Etoxazole and Hexythiazox caused higher mite mortality than the others fourteen days after application. Where as effects of Fenazaquin, Bromopropylate, Amitraz, Clofentezine, Tetrandifon, Propargite old and new, Fenpropathrin old and new formulas, Fenpyroximate on T. urticae observed after them respectively. Using proper doses of pesticides and proper time of application in bean fields infested by spider mite, will considerably reduce amount and cost of pesticides application and keep agro -ecosystem away from further pollution.

Ostertagia circumcincta is a major cause of ovine parasitic gastritis in temprate regions and the most frequent species affecting abomasum of small ruminants in Iran. These nematodes cause serious losses world-wide by imparing weight gain and wool production. Having a donor animal is essential for various studies. An Ostertagia circumcincta donor was produced by transplanting of adult forms of this worm into abomasum of the lamb (9 months of age) through a surgically established cannula. Ten thousands infective larvae (L3) from the lamb’s faecal culture were given to another worm–free lamb of six months age through a stomach tube. Few eggs of O.circumcintca appeared in the cannulated lamb’s faeces, after 5 days of transplanting. The number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) increased in the following days. The average number of EPG reached up to 30± 14 per day. Very scanty number of eggs appeared, then, after 19-21 days of post-infection. However the number of eggs increased gradually, so that its daily average number of EPG reached up to 100±99 during 60 days of post–infection. Average number of eggs developmented to infective larvae (L3) was 35.1 percent. Although the number of eggs, laid by worms transplanted in cannulated lamb, was less than that of worms, grown from L3 in the abomasum, the abomasal cannulation method seems more preferable due to some advantages such as defined number of worms transplanted into abomasums, rapid access to the eggs and their culture and less loss of worm larvae during passing through the digestive tract.

In order to determine the effects of different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) and mixetures of those on rooting of hardwood stem cuttings of almond ´ peach hybrid, clone G.F.677, this experiment was conducted in college of agriculture and natural resources of Darab , related to Shiraz university, at 2005; Hardwood stem cuttings were prepared from mother plants from Estahban Researeh station. This experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with nine treatment and four replications. Hormone treatments is in cluded 4 levels: 0,1500,2000 and 2500 ppm of indolebutyric acid and 4 levels:0,1000,1500 and 2000 ppm of naphtaleneacetic acid and 2 levels: 1000 + 1000 and 1500 + 1500 ppm of mixture of two hormones, with quick – dip method. Results showed that the highest rooting percent of cuttings was obtained with 1500 ppm of IBA and 1500+1500 ppm of mixture. However effects of all treatments on the number of root were significantly different with control. Results also showed that the effect of treatments on number of shoot per cutting, length of shoot and fresh weight of root wasn’t significant at the %5 level with control. The highest of fresh weight and length of shoot was obtained with 2000 ppm of IBA.

According to previous studies, 60% costes of aquatic animal’s culture farmes depends on foods, so high qualified and desirable diets are needed to farmers. Regarding to pelleted food consumption in fish and shrimp feeding, it is important to stabilize the pellet ̉s physical shape and prevent it is decomposition in the water media. The food stability in water improves by using binder so that it increases water stability and decreases mortality rate in production and transportation. In the present study, water stability index by amet (producted in Mehr Afraz Taban Yazd Company) by 2 Nutribind and Aquacube binders at 4 times 30, 60 120 and 240 minutes were compared. The obtained resultes show that the best WSI was related to Aquacube and then Amet and finally Nutribind.Amet WSI at 30, 60 and 120 minutes had no significant different by Aquacube. Regarding to the less price of Amet and it is production in Iran, using this material as is recommended.