Pazand is the transcription of Pahlavi text in the Avestan script, and in the later period in the Persian alphabet. As there were some difficulties in Pahlavi script, some of the scientists such as Nairyosang , who is one of the most important Pazand writers, has rewritten many Pahlavi texts to the Avestan script. In this paper a short history of Pazand writing is presented, then we have chosen the questions number 30th and 31th of the Pazand text of Mainyo i xard , then we ve compared it with the equal Pahlavi text.

One of the most important indications for understanding any verse of the Quran is considering its context. Where the continuity of the revelation of the verses is proved, the commentators agree on the authenticity of the context and the influence of the meanings of the verses on each other. But where integration is not proved, a verse or a passage is considered independent from the context and will be interpreted without regarding the context. A part from these, this article focuses on a third branch that includes both the types above.Through an analytical method, this study affirms that according to the teachings of The AhlulBayt, each verse or part of a verse can have another meaning, independent from the whole verse. Also, a verse that is related to a complex of verses that have been revealed together can have another independent meaning, in addition to its content beside its complex. In both cases, as an essential term, the new meaning should not contradict with the Qur'an and Sunnah. This theory, which is an important principle and rule in interpretation, is designed and taught by the AhlulBayt, and has many narrative evidence and opens a new and innovative arena in the field of Quranic features and its internal content. However, it has mechanisms that must be observed and, therefore, it cannot be generalized everywhere and in all statements.

Constitutional Revolution caused new concepts, which had not been common before, to emerge, revolutionizing, in turn, the social and political institutions. These changes transformed the mental structures of those social classes that were the new audience in these trends. This discourse led to entire changes in the meaning and language of poetry. Thus, those words and combinations, announced time and place, and events that had not been employed in traditional poetry, entered poetry, and, as a result, changed its overall style. The social changes of this era brought a new life into the Persian literature. These newly emerged literary works were, in fact, in a way or other, capturing the western civilization not being captured by it.

Context, which is the result of companionship and homogeneity of words and sentences, due to its capability to illustrate layers of sense in a vast space, unlike the meaning of word and sentence, becomes important. Such capability is caused by some evidences and circumstances surrounding the words and certain metaphorical communications, in addition to the characteristic of singulars and the arrangement thereof. A collection of these features and a combination of evidences leads to an appearance which is the origin of context and, in turn, it becomes a cause for realization of different types of contextual appearance including lexical and non-lexical, in addition to their subtypes. Such types are preceded by determination of the basis concerning limitation of the nature of context from the wideness and narrowness perspectives. Since the selected opinion in this regard is the inclusiveness of textual evidences in addition to verbal evidences in the field of context, the authors will consider different types of contextual appearance. The result of this typology may, in practice, help in the course of inference and prepare the ground for widening the meaning of precepts.

Context is a general, comprehensive, exclusive, and basic concept in the structure of speech and its interpretation. Circumstances or occasions (maqāmāt) are viewed as one of the important factors in their development. This article aims at studying the way circumstances and occasions outside speech influence the development of context and speech by means of analyzing the applications made by the scholars, especially the interpreters. The results arrived at indicates that as the occasions within the speech are basically effective in achieving the speakers' purposes, so also the occasions outside the speech, i.e., the circumstances of time, space, addressee, and events, play a major role in the quality of context development. These discourses are known in tafsīr as Meccan and Medinese āyahs and sūras, occasions of Revelation, and address (khitāb).

Ignoring discussions concerning definition and meaning of context, essentials of its use in the quranic exegesis, limits and condition of its use, and its beneficially in the exegesis compared to other proofs, a very important discussion concerning context is the consideration of its functions and realms of its role-playing in the quranic exegesis. The present research is an attempt in that field in which functions of context in various realms are expounded, and commentators opinions concerning its meaning and theme are taken into consideration through some instantiations and are criticized in some instantiations and are criticized in some cases.