Scientists predict climate changes and warmer conditions for the world in future. Predicting the warming effect on plant performance is one of the most important challenges in ecological sciences. In this study, the effects of short-term warming on physiological traits of Pteropyrum aucheri as one of the domain shrubs was assessed in riverside of semi-arid rangelands of Kohpanj region, Bardsir, Kerman province, Iran in 2014. Five 5×5 m2 blocks were selected with the same elevation, slope and aspect. In each block, mature individuals of Pteropyrum aucheri were studied in 10 circular plots with 2m diameter during spring and summer. For simulating the warming phenomenon, Open-Top Chambers (OTCs) were placed on 5 plots and other plots were considered as control plots. OTC is applied in natural ecosystems and provides nearly the same growth condition for species with higher temperature. Results showed that the OTCs enhanced monthly average of air temperature (5cm above soil surface) as 1. 5 º C, surface soil temperature of 2 º C and soil temperatures (5 cm below soil surface) as 1. 7 ◦ C in warming plots. Results showed that photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll a, b and total) were significantly reduced and carotenoid was significantly increased with short-term warming in warming plots (p<0. 05). Water content, leaf area and dry matter production were none significantly declined with warming. In general, short-term warming affected photosynthesis performance of Pteropyrum aucheri but biomass was not considerably affected by warming.

This descriptive survey study aimed at a strategic analysis of rural tourism development in Sarbaz County, Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran. The statistical population consisted of experts and activists of tourism related departments of the county including 200 experts (from District Office, , Governor’ s Office, Relief Committee, Cultural Heritage Organization, Labor Department and Municipality); among them, 130 people were selected as sample size using Morgan table and stratified random sampling method. The required data were collected through documentary and library surveys as well as field studies and analyzed by SWOT technique using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of tourism and possible strategies for tourism development in the region. According to the results, the natural attractions with a relative weight of 0. 248 among the strengths and the authorities’ belief in employment generation through the tourism development with a relative weight of 0. 238 among the opportunities were found to be the highest priorities; also, SO strategy with a relative weight of 0. 332 was considered as the most important practical strategy for the rural tourism development in Sarbaz County. Therefore, taking advantage of the development of seasonal markets and exhibitions in the surrounding villages and towns and the supply of tropical products, the establishment of tropical fruit parks, the establishment of eco-tourism resorts along the Sarbaz River, and the emphasis on government support for employment in the most tourist-friendly villages were recommended within the SO strategies.

Today, due to climate change, natural hazards and how to deal with them are among the most important concerns of researchers in environmental planning and crisis management. The purpose of this study is the assessment of the potential flood risk in Sarbaz drainage basin. For this purpose, the databases including elevation, slope, geological characteristics, soil characteristics, precipitation, vegetation, land use, and vector layers of the main channel, streams and drainage densities of the basin were used. By using the questionnaire and experts' opinion as well as hierarchical analysis, the weight of influences of each layer was calculated in basin flooding. Each of these layers was classified based on the flood potential from low to high-risk scale and eventually merged with the weighted overlay model in Geographic Information System. The results showed that main streams, land use, and precipitation are the most important components in the flood risk of the Sarbaz river drainage basin. From the total area of the Sarbaz basin, only 0. 5% has a high to extremely high flood potential, and the central areas of the basin have the highest potential for flood due to topography and special hydrographic conditions. In addition, the main river basin districts towards the outlet of the basin as well as parts of the margins of important sub-streams have the highest flood potential. Despite the limited area of the high-risk zone, due to population density and agricultural land, the importance of this area is very high in crisis management.

One of the approaches in modern literary criticism is psychological criticism. We can perform psychoanalysis on fictional characters in the same way as we do on real human beings, which help to obtain a better understanding of the work as well as to improve the status of literature. After providing an introduction regarding the relationship between literature and psychology, this paper will analyze Alavi’s “The lead soldier” (Sarbaz-e-Sorbi) from a psychological point of view. “The lead soldier” is one of the stories in his collection “The suitcase (Chamedan)” which was written according to Freudian ideas and theories.