Noise pollution can be considered as the most important problem of urban environmental management in mega metropolises and urban transportation is the main source of the mentioned problem. This study aims to investigate the amount of TRAFFIC noise dose received by TRAFFIC POLICEMEN in Tehran; District 1 Municipality. The investigation was conducted during three consecutive months in 2007 in 282 locations of the main streets of studied district which are known for its heavy TRAFFIC, as well as population flow. In order to measure the noise volume, pre-calibrated Cell- 450 and Quest- 2900 sound level meters were used. Regarding to noise dosimeter, 158 cases were measured using a dosimeter Cell-320. For this purpose, Leq, L10, Lmax and Lmin indicators were used. The results showed that the Leq average during peak TRAFFIC load hours and in the least TRAFFIC conditions was 77.2±2.1 and 64.5±2.2 dB, respectively which were higher than the acceptable levels (55dB). Moreover, the statistical results showed the significant differences between light and heavy TRAFFIC conditions and also the direct effect of heavy TRAFFIC on noise pollution, also it was shown that vehicles TRAFFIC is the main source of the produced noise pollution. The study created a related questionnaire which evaluated the TRAFFIC POLICEMEN behavior from them and their relative’s point of views. The results showed that noise pollution has damaging effects on their behavioral conditions and also, on their personal assessment. The POLICEMEN believed their psychological disorders and their relative had also the same opinion. This study attempted to show that noise pollution in metropolises such as Tehran is a serious problem and it is should be treated as a top priority in the urban environmental management in order to reduce noise pollution.

Aim: to measure five scales of fatigue: i) general, ii) physical, iii) reduced activity, iv) reduced motivation, and v) mental. As well as to examines the impact of age, education, cohabitation, work history and disease on fatigue.materials and methods: we randomly selected 250 TRAFFIC POLICEMEN from 15 districts of Tehran as particiants in this study. To identify fatigue, we used the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) questionnaire, before and after the morning shift. Sociodemographic variables were also collected. Descriptive statistics, students t-test, and ANOVA analysis were performed by SPSS.results: based on the data achieved before beginning shift work, general fatigue (13.5) and reduced activity (7.7) had the highest and lowest fatigue levels, respectively. We noted similar results at the shift among subjects. Fatigue scores in all scales were significantly lower in the morning. There was a strong association between fatigue and cohabitation, work history, disease, tinnitus, sports and eye glasses (P≤0.05).conclusions: the results of the present study show the prevalence rates of fatigue among TRAFFIC POLICEMEN and its interaction with some sociodemographic variables.future studies should investigate the effects of additional factors to clarify the etiology of fatigue.

Background: TRAFFIC POLICEMEN working at heavy TRAFFIC junctions are continuously exposed to high level of noise and its health consequences. Objective: To assess the hearing pathway in TRAFFIC POLICEMEN by means of brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA), mid-latency response (MLR), and slow vertex response (SVR). Methods: In this observational comparative study, BERA, MLR, and SVR were tested in 35 male TRAFFIC POLICEMEN with field posting of more than 3 years. 35 age-matched men working in our college served as controls. Results: Increase in the latencies of waves I and III of BERA, and IPL I-III were observed. Compared to controls, the MLR and SVR waves showed no significant changes in studied POLICEMEN. Conclusion: We found that chronic exposure of TRAFFIC POLICEMEN to noise resulted in delayed conduction in peripheral part of the auditory pathway, ie, auditory nerve up to the level of superior olivary nucleus; no impairment was observed at the level of sub-cortical, cortical, or the association areas.

The study was conducted on a group of 90 TRAFFIC POLICEMEN aged 20-50 years and working in and around Patiala district to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the ill effects caused by TRAFFIC noise on health. The subjects were required to fill up a questionnaire regarding their self - assessment of hearing ability, noise - related attitudes, and the use of personal protective equipment such as earplugs. The mean age of subjects was 39.8±5.80 years, while the mean duration of exposure to TRAFFIC noise was 10.56±6.43 years. Only 5.5% subjects felt that their hearing was below average. As many as 61% subjects had work - related tinnitus. It was observed that none of them had ever used ear plugs, mainly due to their non availability. The self - assessment of hearing by TRAFFIC POLICEMEN indicated that most of them had normal hearing. However, to find out the exact number of cases with hearing impairment, further evaluation with audiometry is recommended in them.

Roadside TRAFFIC air pollution exposures have been associated with various health deteriorates. In accordance with the WHO's guidelines, the air quality in Iraq is considered unsafe. Automobile pollution, particularly diesel exhaust, produces significant quantities of particulates containing endocrine disruptors, causing negative health impacts. The current study attempted to determine whether Iraqi TRAFFIC wardens are vulnerable to TRAFFIC air pollution by measuring serum progesterone and testosterone levels, as well as serum lead, copper, manganese, cadmium, and iron concentrations. A total of 72 individuals participated in the current study divided into two main groups: TRAFFIC POLICEMEN and control. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups based on age, years of service, and smoking habit. The progesterone levels among police officers exposed to vehicle exhaust were negligibly higher than those of the control group. The study data revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in testosterone levels between the two studied groups. Copper was significantly higher in exposed group than that of the control group. Cadmium levels in the exposed group increased non-significantly, which could contribute to endocrine disruption. While iron and lead levels were lower in police   exposed to vehicle exhaust than those of the control group, the manganese showed significant decrease in sera of exposed group. High levels of copper in TRAFFIC POLICEMEN may be associated with increased oxidative stress. Although non-significant decrease in iron level was recorded in the present work, diesel exhaust exposure might increase the incidence of anemia in study subjects.

One of the obvious reasons for most disorders in network service provisioning is network path congestion. Congestion avoidance in today's networks is too costly and sometimes impossible. With the introduction of SDN, centralizing the equipment's control plane has become possible. This paper presents an enhanced method named ESV-DBRA to avoid congestion in multi-tenant SDN networks. At first, ESV-DBRA monitors the TRAFFIC load and delay of all network paths for each tenant individually. Then, by merging the parameters obtained from the monitoring, the Service Level Agreements (SLA), and a novel proposed cost function, it calculates the cost of the network paths per tenant. As a result, TRAFFIC for each tenant is routed through the path/paths at the lowest possible cost from the tenant's perspective. Next, the bandwidth quotas will be calculated and assigned to the tenants over their optimal routes. Afterward, whenever congestion is likely to occur in a path, ESV-DBRA automatically changes the route or bandwidth of the tenants' TRAFFIC related to this path to avoid congestion. Related algorithms are also proposed.Eventually, simulations show that the proposed method effectively increases bandwidth utilization by 10.76%.

Background and purpose: lifestyle, style of action is based on a specific but recognizable culture. The professional lifestyle of Faraja has special characteristics of the Islamic lifestyle, and the importance and necessity of addressing the lifestyle in this organization in terms of the position and sanctity of the job, as well as the society's imitation of it as a representative of the Islamic system, is one of the concerns. It is important for those in charge. Method: The research method is evolutionary, and has methodological innovation. In terms of practical purpose, it has been done with a combined (qualitative-descriptive) approach. Validation of the model with a self-constructed questionnaire, the dimensions and components of professional lifestyle and the relationship between them were obtained from experts, and their opinions were analyzed by SPSS software and checked for convergence validity test in SmartPls software. Findings: After collecting information from the rules of pattern making, pattern discovery has been done in the professional life of the internal level of the police organization,Analyzing information by "guessing, selecting, processing" in relation to the dimensions and descriptive components of the pattern, and referring to objectivity, leads to the determination of the subject pattern. Concluosion: Enriching and becoming more Islamic the professional life style of the police originates through communication with God and oneself for self-improvement, in communication with others for transformation, and in communication with the environment for environmental improvement, in the order of priority,On the other hand, by knowing the dimensions and components of this model at different levels within the organization, and by establishing a relationship between these dimensions, it leads to the discovery of an engineered model in Faraja's professional lifestyle.