This paper proposes a 2.4 GHz active mixer without passive inductor for the transceiver system. Taking into account the design requirements of the mixer, a double-balanced down-conversion structure with active inductor and negative resistance is designed. The proposed mixer with 130 nm CMOS technology is designed and simulated using Cadence software at 1.5 V supply voltage. Although we had to compromise conversion gain with linearity, we were able to achieve very high conversion gain with average linearity. Based on the results of post-layout simulations, the conversion gain of 27.57 dB, IIP3 equal to -7.88 dBm, 1-dB compression point equal to -17.34 dBm and IIP2 equal to 44.22 dBm with power consumption of 2.5 mW was obtained for the proposed mixer. The chip size without input and output pads is 95.18 µm × 117.68 µm, which leads to a chip area of 0.0112mm2.

Background: The goals of the study are evaluation the effects of food deprivation and ISOLATION SITUATION as a social stress on fertility, and in the following, investigation of the improving effect of melatonin as an antioxidant component.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, We investigated histopathological and serological effects of melatonin and social stress (food deprivation and ISOLATION) on different features of sperm and testicular tissue among 42 male rats in 7 groups including control, sham, melatonin received (M), food deprivation (FD), Food deprivation and melatonin treatment (FDM), Food deprivation and ISOLATION SITUATION (FDi), and Food deprivation and melatonin treatment and ISOLATION SITUATION (FDMi) groups. Epididymal sperms of all rats were also counted. Histopathological evaluation of the testes was done under a light microscopy to determine the number of spermiogenic cells. Serological evaluation of testosterone, corticosterone, and melatonin was performed, as well. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used, and the value of p≤0.05 was considered statistically significance.Results: The result showed that food deprivation increased the number of abnormal, immotile, and dead sperms, while decreased the number of normal sperms (p<0.05). ISOLATION could improve sperm motility and viability, while enhanced the number of spermatogenic cells. Melatonin had a protective effect on sperm count, motility, and viability, while reduced sperm abnormality.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that melatonin treatment and ISOLATION SITUATION improve the parameters related to epididymal sperms and spermatogenic cells after food deprivation.

Training specialized human resource, their employment and using their proficiency, are the main concern of higher educational system. But sometimes there is not balance between the number of alumnus and their suitable job or alumnus aren’ t trained as it should be. so, it’ s universities’ duty to follow up and explore their educational adequacy and quality. This article assessed the SITUATION of alumnus of Linguistics educational group of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad during a decade (2007-2017). For the first step, employed alumnus was detected, then for telephone interview, 30 persons were selected among them by accident. In addition, a researcher made questionnaire was used to survey the professors of Linguistics department of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Based on the results 83 percent of alumnus had job. This result put Linguistics educational group in a good SITUATION among other fields of study. Most of the people had chosen their major consciously. There wasn’ t a meaningful difference between sex of participants and the amount of employment. Relation between job and field of study was 80 percent, but relation between subjects of theses and employment was 33 and just 53 percent of participants declared that their jobs are in accordance with the content of their subjects. Results of professors’ questionnaire showed that they are not pleasant with the current SITUATION and believe that it is necessary to have some changes in taking students. Organizing students’ theses in more practical issues, is so essential too.

PrécisThis debate article highlights the challenges of health SITUATION in Iran and some influencing or relevant factors such as health sector, welfare system and social protection, social exclusion and civil society from the viewpoint of an international partner. Some advanced experiences in Iranian health system and the manner of system for international cooperation have also been discussed.

Objectives: 1. Study of prevalence rate of positive cases in all over the country. 2. Survey of prevalence and causes of the disease. 3. Survey of prevalence Rate and causes of Rabies in human, in all over the country. 4. Study of prevalence rate of the disease in Tehran.Project: Retrospective study.Method: Data collection has been done in WHO-Collaborating Center for Reference & Research on Rabies and other Anti-rabies treatment centers in all parts of the country. The information has gone under statistical analysis by Research Software EP5.Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics.Results: Two hundred seventy three antirabies treatment centers are involving in post-exposure treatment right now. During the year 2002, 93216 individuals have been treated in antirabies post-exposure centers. In this year, 350 positive cases of animal rabies have been confirmed in all parts of country, which most of the positive cases have been due to dogs and ruminants. In north part of the country, dog, fox and jackal are the most vectors of the disease; although wolf is the main vector in the west and north-west parts. Sylvatic and urban forms are the different features of the disease which could be found in Iran. Animal rabies in north, north-east, and north-west parts in addition, to Fars and Kerman provinces has the most prevalent area in the country. A positive case of rabies in cat has been found in Tehran city which has been rabies free since thirteen years ago, from then, the positive rabies cases in Tehran, reaches to 5 cases.Conclusion: According to the given results, it could be concluded that by establishing the antirabies treatment centers, all bitten individuals can refer to the nearest health centers and undergo the antirabies treatment, after injured by rabid animal. Considering to the increasing trend of positive cases in all parts of the country, it seems that measures regarding combat or eradication of rabies could have an effective role in rabies control, in neighboring provinces. Increasing trend of positive rabies cases in dogs shows that in each region generally increased positive rabid dogs could result a rising trend in economical damages in ruminants. So, by effective control measures in rabies combat, it could be possible to compensate the economical damages due to rabies in animal and human by lowering the consumption of vaccine and antirabies serum.

The changes in age and sex structure of population as an independent and primary factor- irrespective of other influencing factors- creates imbalance in marital SITUATION of the society. Based on population changes in recent decades in Iran, especially in the period of 1976-1986, there has been a remarkable change in the age and sex structure of population. These structural changes of the population in Iran had different economic, social and cultural impacts in different time periods causing many types of economic and social hindrances in the society. As a consequence, presently we have to deal with over supply of labor and as the result a high rate of unemployment .Other expected impacts in the near future will be imbalance among girls and boys in the marital age groups. This imbalance will result in the increased number of single girls. The aim of this article is to study the issue in the three decades (1956-1986) and to discuss the relationship between changes of population age and sex structure and marital SITUATION in Iran. Also, quantitative impacts of such changes on the future decade will be presented