Medication TOURISM carries inherent risks, since there is often no guarantee that the medications purchased overseas are safe or efficacious. Additionally, the medication tourist may encounter legal difficulties associated with importing certain medications into their home country. A World Health Organization report found that up to half of the global drug market consists of counterfeit medication, with a high proportion of these drugs being sold throughout the developing world. As a result of prohibitive costs and low domestic availability of medicines, patients in developing countries have an increased likelihood of purchasing these cheaper alternatives. Travellers with chronic medical illnesses may be unaware of the risks associated with medication TOURISM. As part of the pre-travel consultation, they should be discouraged from engaging in medication TOURISM where possible. Otherwise, they should be advised to only purchase their medications from a reputable pharmacy abroad, to present a copy of their prescription to a registered local pharmacist, to check for any legal restrictions on transporting given quantities of certain medications for personal use across INTERNATIONAL borders, to keep medications in their original, labelled containers, and to store them according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

In the light of advances in organ transplantation, travel for transplantation has been surging with the passage of time. Travel for the purpose of transplantation is a legitimate behavior that in certain circumstances or in the event of committing some unethical or illegal conduct becomes "Transplant TOURISM". Transplant TOURISM has expanded largely due to the weakness of national laws and the global shortage of organs. This phenomenon has been the subject of numerous INTERNATIONAL instruments in recent decades and its prohibition, prevention, and sometimes criminalization have been stressed in this regard. On the one hand, transplant TOURISM is related to "trafficking in persons for organ removal" and "organ trafficking", and there is a significant overlap between such phenomena. This entails a comprehensive approach in this area. On the other hand, transplant TOURISM is a transnational phenomenon, and thus the participation of members of the INTERNATIONAL community is necessary to address this problem. Nevertheless, Iran, as a member of the INTERNATIONAL community, lacks a suitable approach to transplant TOURISM. Due to the weakness of the domestic regulations and their distance from the INTERNATIONAL community's perspective, it is essential that the legislator be involved with the issue to anticipate an appropriate approach to tackling transplant TOURISM. Requirements for such an approach include the definition of transplant TOURISM, prevention of this phenomenon, and its criminalization, while taking into account the characteristics of this phenomenon and its perpetrators.

The aim of this study is to design an INTERNATIONAL marketing model for health TOURISM, considering the unique characteristics of this industry and the specific needs of target markets on a global scale. Using a qualitative research approach and data analysis through semi-structured interviewswith health TOURISM industry experts, researchers, and healthcare center managers, this study identifies the factors influencing the attraction of health tourists in different countries. The findings indicate that INTERNATIONAL marketing strategies must include a focus on branding, the use of digital and internet technologies, the design of service packages tailored to diverse customer needs, and the establishment of strategic partnerships between various sectors of the health and TOURISM industries. Moreover, this study emphasizes the importance of advertising in target markets, continuous monitoring and evaluation of marketing performance, and the alignment of strategieswith local culture and regulations. This model can serve as a guideline for the development and strengthening of the health TOURISM industry in various countries, especially in the post-COVID-19 era

Objective (s): Health TOURISM has a high strategic importance for the economy of the country due to its high capacity to create foreign currency earning and job creation through attracting tourists and exporting healthcare and helping the country to engage constructive interaction with the countries of the region and the world and promoting internal convergence. Health TOURISM in Iran, despite the high quality of healthcare services and low prices, has not yet reached its proper position in the global market and it is taking its first steps due to lack of proper information-dissemination and advertising among other factors. In order to reach health TOURISM goals, a study was conducted to take advantage of the capacity of media diplomacy at INTERNATIONAL level.Methods: 25 in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted from 25 participants. In this study, grounded theory of Corbin and Strauss (version 2008) was used to collect and analyze data. Data analysis was carried out in four stages including: data analyzing for concept, data analysis for context, process analysis, data and integrating categories, which resulted in the following findings.Results: Overall about 940 first-level codes (open code) were extracted without their overlap calculation. Then, these codes were compared based on existing similarities and differences and 26 sub-subcategories (including concepts and contexts) were obtained. Consequently 11 sub-categories were produced and then four main categories for concept and one main category for context were created. Finally, one core variable was emerged. The core variable was ‘integrated management in media diplomacy in public relations centers of organizations responsible for health TOURISM’.Conclusion: Media diplomacy in public relations centers of the organizations responsible for health TOURISM is in fact a channel for announcing the position of the organization at INTERNATIONAL level, sending information and convincing a foreign audience to support the organization positions. With having media diplomacy, TOURISM organizations can have a share in the global market.

sports TOURISM has the power to change the development indicators of a society and exert various effects on the host society. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to analyze the content of sports TOURISM from an INTERNATIONAL perspective. The present study was conducted using a qualitative method and a content analysis approach. The statistical population of the research was made up of previous documents and studies along with active websites in the field of sports TOURISM. Sampling was done based on specific and targeted criteria (official reports of 13 countries, 37 articles, 5 short reports, 2 books and 8 websites). After the analysis, the report of the findings was presented in two ways. The findings in the first part showed that the market share of sports TOURISM is growing, and football has the largest share in attracting tourists. In the second part, after analyzing the data, 184 open codes were identified, after categorizing the concepts, 20 subcategories and 4 main categories under the headings (strategies), (contextual factors), (positive consequences) and (consequences) negative) was formed. In order to determine validity and reliability, the researchers used the methods of using several sources and coding by several coders. Finally, the results show that developing countries, if they intend to benefit from the phenomenon of sports TOURISM for development, should use new strategies and policies that are in accordance with the needs and wants of tourists.