Investigation of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties Dissimilar Joint Between IN738 Superalloy and 17-4 PH Steel Using Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Welding

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Mehrpourian Masoud; Shakouri Ehsan; Saraeian Payam

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Journal Paper

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Journal: Modares Mechanical Engineering Year:2025 | Volume:25 | Issue:8 Page(s): 515-528

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Investigation of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties Dissimilar Joint Between IN738 Superalloy and 17-4 PH Steel Using Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Welding

Author(s)

Mehrpourian Masoud | Shakouri Ehsan | Saraeian Payam | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Pulsed laser welding

Dissimilar joint

IN738 superalloy

17-4PH stainless steel

Microstructural Characterization

Abstract

This study investigates pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding for dissimilar joining of nickel-based superalloy IN738 and precipitation-hardened stainless steel 17-4 PH. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of welding process parameters on the mechanical and microstructural properties of the joint. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that in IN738 superalloy due to its higher heat capacity and lower thermal conductivity cellular growth transitioned into columnar coaxial dendrites. In contrast, the steep thermal gradient in 17-4 PH stainless steel promoted planar growth, forming fine grains with a columnar structure. Increasing pulse frequency and duration enlarged the weld pool dimensions while reducing Length of solidification cracks and heat-affected zone (HAZ) cracking. Higher welding speeds decreased weld pool size; at 8.3 mm/s, solidification and HAZ crack lengths were reduced by 92% and 83%, respectively. However, further increases in welding speed (up to 13 mm/s) significantly intensified HAZ cracking. The results showed that, unlike the welding speed, increasing the frequency and pulse duration resulted in an increase in the microhardness of the samples. Small punch test (SPT) results demonstrated that samples with fine, coaxial grains and uniform precipitation phases (γ′ and MC carbides) exhibited the highest strength and toughness. These findings provide a foundation for designing effective repair and joining processes in energy and aerospace applications.

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