This paper aims to address a number of issues with respect to bilingualism and second language education. It starts with an emphasis on the fact that bilingualism is a common phenomenon in the world and that it can be studied both as an individual and a societal phenomenon. Next, it deals with reasons why some societies become bilingual. Afterwards, it introduces various bilingual education programs in North America followed by a number of guidelines for more effective teaching in these classes. Finally, it calls for incorporation of a course in sociolinguistics into the curriculum of teacher training programs.