Background: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of POSTOPERATIVE secondary hemorrhage for tonsillectomy and submucosal uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (smUPPP).Materials and Methods: In this retrospective case series, the medical records of 404 patients who underwent tonsillectomy with unipolar electrocautery and smUPPP at our institution between January 2001 and December 2010 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (198 patients) underwent tonsillectomy; Group 2 (206 patients) underwent smUPPP. Main outcome measures were incidence of BLEEDING or complications after tonsillectomy and smUPPP and the need for revision surgery.Results: The mean age of Group 1 patients was 38.1 (±2.58) years and that of Group 2 was 37.7 (±2.25) years. Males were 51.3% of Group 1 and 46.7% of Group 2. No statistically significant difference in age or gender distribution was found between Groups 1 and 2. The incidence of secondary, delayed hemorrhage was 5.05% (10 patients) in Group 1 and 1.45% (three patients) in Group 2 (P=0.05). The incidence of delayed hemorrhage requiring surgical treatment was 4.54% (nine patients) in Group 1 and 0.97% (two patients) in Group 2.Conclusion: In adults, smUPPP, which includes tonsillectomy, has a lower incidence of POSTOPERATIVE delayed hemorrhage than does tonsillectomy with unipolar cautery.

Background- CABG is the most common type of cardiac surgery which generally is done under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Hypothermic CPB was introduced in cardiac surgery in order to protect organs against hypoperfusion. Hypothermia is associated with many adverse effects on the vital organs, which result in impairment of organ and systemic function.Normothermia on the other hand is more in agreement with the physiology of human organs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of body temperature during CPB on POSTOPERATIVE BLEEDING.Methods- One hundred patients were randomized into normothermic (35-37° C, N=50) and mild hypothermic (28-32° C, N=50) CPB groups and compared with respect to blood loss, transfusion requirements and platelet level in primary coronary artery bypass grafting. The patients' hemoglobin levels, leukocyte counts and platelet counts were measured before operation, immediately upon arrival in the intensive care unit, 4 hours afterwards and 6 days after surgery. The volume of blood shed through mediastinal and pleural drainage tubes were recorded at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation.Results-There were no differences in preoperative characteristic including patient age, sex, number of occluded vessels, weight, height, hemoglobin and hematocrit level, platelet and WBC levels. Normothermic patients tended to bleed less at 24 hours (warm, 288±30 ml than in hypothermic patients. The warm group had a reduced blood loss by 40 percent after 6, 34% after 12 and 30% after 24 hours as compared with blood loss in hypothermically-perfused patients.Conclusion-These data suggest that normothermic systemic perfusion reduced POSTOPERATIVE blood loss and preserved platelets.

Background: Open prostatectomy is still accompanied by some POSTOPERATIVE BLEEDING. Prescribing fibrinogen to promote clot formation in patients with BLEEDING is of critical importance. This research studied the effects of local injection of fibrinogen on level of POSTOPERATIVE BLEEDING in open prostatectomy. Methods: Overall, 44 patients were randomly entered in a study on open prostatectomy. Patients in the intervention group received local injections of 500 mg fibrinogen (20 mL) dissolved in distilled water, and the control group patients only received 20 mL of normal saline, where the injections were given by the surgeon at the prostatectomy operation site. All patients were tested for hemoglobin, hematocrit, PT, PTT, INR, and fibrinogen level. Also, the amount of blood loss and requirement for blood products were recorded. Results: The study groups showed no difference regarding baseline variables. One patient in the fibrinogen group (1. 66%) and four patients in the control group (6. 66%) received blood products (P < 0. 05), and the blood drainage tube at 24 hours after operation was 36. 50) 18. 70 (mL in the fibrinogen group and 151. 36) 120. 58 (mL in the control group (P = 0. 005). There were no differences in hemoglobin, hematocrit, PT, PTT, INR, and serum fibrinogen level between the groups at any time. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that using fibrinogen in patients with high BLEEDING risk may effectively reduce the amount of BLEEDING and its subsequent blood transfusion requirement, after open prostatectomy surgery.