ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (ADEM) is a monophasic clinical syndrome, characterized by immune-mediated demyelination of central nervous system neurons, which yield extensive damage in the brain and spinal cord. It usually affects children and young adults following infections or immunization. Here we describe a 9-year-old Fars female presented with ACUTE onset of psychotic disorder, one week after an upper respiratory infection. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brain were consistent with the diagnosis of the ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (ADEM). ADEM is one of the differential diagnoses to be considered when an ACUTE psychotic disorder arises during childhood especially as post vaccination or infection.

This article reports on an 5-month-old infant who was admitted to our hospital for prolonged fever, focal status epileptics and encephalopathy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a single hyperintense lesion in right putamen in T2-weighted images. A diagnosis of ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS was made based on the clinical features, treatment response and clinical course. An executive literature review revealed a few cases under the age of one year. This patient is the youngest are who is reported from Iran.

ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (ADEM) is an inflammatory disease that causes demyelination and affects the white matter of the brain and spinal cord through an immune response. The patient, an eight-year-old Iranian Kurdish boy with a height of 125 cm and a weight of 24 kg, complained from fever for three days which didn’, t respond to acetaminophen medication. After three days, the symptoms developed into headache, vomiting, and decreased consciousness. The patient was admitted to the emergency department of Imam Hasan hospital in Bojnourd, Iran, in July 2019. LP diagnostic testing, Wright Agglutination test, Brain CT, and MRI examination were performed. Finally, a diagnosis of ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (ADEM) was confirmed. Following the ADEM diagnosis, methylprednisolone 500 mg was administered immediately and continued for five days. This case study suggests that MRI is the most effective method of diagnosis for ADEM, and high-dose methylprednisolone is the treatment of choice for this syndrome.