Introduction: Excessive olivo-cerebellar burst-firing occurs during harmaline-induced Tremor. We hypothesized that antiglutamatergic agents would suppress harmaline Tremor. From this point of view, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of riluzole on harmaline-induced Tremor in rat.Methods: Four groups of Wistar rats weighing 80–100 g were injected with harmaline (30 mg/ kg i.p.) for inducing experimental Tremors. The rats in group 1 served as control, whereas the animals in groups 2, 3 and 4 were also given riluzole intraperitonealy at doses of 2, 4 and 8 mg/ kg 30 min before and 90 min after harmaline administration. The onset latency, intensity and duration of Tremor were recorded.Results: The results of this study demonstrated that riluzole could significantly increase latency period, and reduce duration and intensity of Tremor.Discussion: It is concluded that pretreatment of riluzole can ameliorate harmaline-induced Tremor in rats.

Pathological Tremor is defined as a rapid and rhythmic movement of a body part, involuntarily shown in individuals with neurological disorders (1). These patients revealed resting, action, and postural Tremor with 4-12 Hz of oscillations interfering with activities of daily living. Thus, minimizing involuntary tremulous movements is an important goal for therapists and rehabilitation researchers. . . .

Purpose: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neuro-degenerative interminable issue causing dynamic loss of dopaminecreating synapses, which is one of the most far reaching ailments after Alzheimer's infection. In this paper, a system for the classification of Parkinson’ s disease Tremor using noninvasive measurement and frequency domain features is represented. Materials and Methods: Tremor time-series of Parkinson's disease patients were recorded via a smartphone’ s accelerometer sensor. Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) was applied to transform the time-domain signal into the frequency domain with high time-frequency resolution. Several frequency features, including mean, max of power spectral density and side frequency have been extracted and by using the FDR algorithm combinations of features carried enough information to reliably assess the severity of Tremor in Parkinson patients were determined. Results: Four different classifiers were implemented to estimate the severity of Tremors based on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in Parkinson's disease patients. Conclusion: Classifiers’ estimation was compared to clinical scores derived via neurologist UPDRS annotation on Parkinson's disease patients’ Tremor. The best accuracy achieved was 95. 91± 1. 51.

Background and Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that gives rise to a number of unpleasant symptoms that can be difficult to manage by conventional means. There are some aspects of MS-related disability which can be improved by using Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS); particularly movement disorders, such as Tremor. The research aim is to study the effect of DBS on MS Tremor with a quantitative approach.Methods: Raw Tremor data was provided by the Surgical Center for Movement Disorders at the University of British Columbia, Canada. The hand Tremor signal was collected on 8 MS subjects and 10 healthy individuals during finger-to-nose test (FNT) by using motion analysis system. Patients executed the FNT with DBS OFF and ON. Nonlinear and statistical features were extracted from Tremor spectrum as Tremor indexes. Tremor reduction by using DBS was determined by classifying mentioned features into three groups of healthy, DBS ON and DBS OFF.Results: Several dominant peaks were observed in power spectrum of the recorded signals which indicate MS Tremor consists of several Tremor subtypes due to different sites of demyelinating lesions affecting cerebellum and its output pathways. Results of frequency analysis revealed Tremor spectrum dominant frequency in healthy group was significantly greater than for the patients with DBS ON and OFF (p<0.05). Additionally, classification results demonstrated that Tremor of 6 patients out of 8 decreased significantly when their DBS was ON.Conclusion: Overall, in 75% of patients with MS who suffered from Tremor, thalamic DBS significantly reduced their Tremor. In addition, power spectrum dominant frequency has high potential for a quantitative and objective measure of MS Tremor.