This study presents the removal performance of phenol by different mechanisms in a three stages laboratory scale biological contactor (RBC). The impact of major process and operating variables such as input hydraulic loading (HL), COD loading and temperature of wastewater on the total removal efficiency of the system were examined. The study of different phenol removal mechanisms show that about 10% of phenol was removed by physical adsorption and evaporation, and the percent of physical adsorption is nearly negligible. In the RBC system, the optimal removal efficiency was observed in the first and second stages. The effect of temperature on removal percent was studied in the range of 15-45° C and operating conditions at 36° C was optimal. In this study, microbial acclimation was down up to 200 ppm of phenol and microbial inoculation was effected with a 50/50 mixture of municipal and slaughter house activated sludge.

A 36-year-old woman with right upper quadrant abdominal pain since three months previously and no other significant medical history was referred for evaluation of an abdominal mass. Upon clinical examination, a large palpable mass in the mid -upper abdominal area was noted. Abdominal ultrasound and spiral CT-scan showed a large hepatic mass in the left liver lobe. The patient was referred for Tc-99m labeled RBC scintigraphy to assess the possibility of presence of liver hemangioma. The radionuclide imaging confirmed the diagnosis of hemangioma which in this case, the huge size of the lesion was of interest.

A 23 day old infant patient underwent 99mTc-denatured RBC scanning for locating possible ectopic spleen in our department.The scan showed no tracer activity in normal splenic bed in the left upper quadrant and an ectopic spleen was shown on the right side of abdomen inferior to the liver.99mTc-denatured RBC scan is an easy and available method for splenic localization in pediatric patients.

Background: As universal leukocyte (WBC) reduction (VIR) is being considered as a new standard, few data are available on the performance of WBC- reduction filtration in routine practice the performance of WBC- reduction in RBCs, using varied filtration practices, in meeting the current FDA requirement (<5×106), council of Europe(EC) recommendation , the proposed FDA requirement (<1×106). And more stringent proposal (<5×105) for residual WBCs per RBC unit was assessed and compared. Methods: Our study was descriptive analytic.We studied 51 patient with major talasemia by 3 ways: with filter pre storage and bedside and without filter. The times of infusion, average of Hb, blood volume and blood volume requested (cc/kg) were studied the 3 ways. Results: The average results in the 3 ways were not same (by T_test). the average in 2 ways (without filter and Bedside) were same (p_value=0.744) and in the ways without filter and pre storage were same (p_value=0.001) and in the pre storage and bedside ways were markable (p_value=0.001) The Hb average in the 3 ways were not significant (p_value=0.101).patients had the same HB. There is significant difference in blood volume in 3 ways (p_value<0.001) by T_test. The average volume was attentionable by 2 ways. p_value<0.001, p_value<0.002 There is significant difference inaverage blood volume requested (cc/kg) in 3 ways methods. Without filter and Bedside (p_value=0.002). and in the other methods p_value<0.001. the result is no different in pre storage and bedside (p_value=0.164).

INTRODUCTION: Transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBC) with appropriate indications is not only important for patient safety and well-being but is also crucial for proper utilization of resources and health care-related cost reduction. We aimed to investigate the clinical appropriateness of blood transfusion in Shariati Hospital, one of the largest academic medical centers in Tehran. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, 1000 transfusions of allogenic pRBCs from April 1st to October 31st, 2015 were included. The patients’ characteristics, reason for hospitalization, indications for pRBC transfusions and ordering wards were collected. RESULTS: The mean level of hemoglobin before transfusion was 7. 4 ± 2. 3 g/dL in the emergency department, 7. 5 ± 1. 0 g/dL in medical wards, 10. 4 ± 2. 6 g/dL in surgical wards, and 9. 1 ± 2. 2 g/dL in the intensive care unit. The baseline hemoglobin levels differed significantly between the departments (P < 0. 001). Approximately 22% (219 patients) with hemoglobin level ≥ 10 g/dL received pRBC, which appeared to be unnecessary and inappropriate. CONCLUSION: Despite current international guidelines emphasizing the importance of restricted transfusion policy, the transfusion of pRBC with insufficient indications occurred frequently in Shariati Hospital, particularly in surgical wards.