This paper aims to study providing electricity and domestic hot water demand for a single-family house in Basra city, south of Iraq. Three systems have been simulated by TRNSYS16 software to determine their thermal and electrical performance: traditional house (without PVT), with the PVT/water-based and with the PVT/0.4%Al2O3 systems. The annual energy consumption, collected energy, auxiliary energy, thermal solar fraction and domestic hot water have been analyzed in long-term simulation. The results show that the use of the PVT/water and the PVT/0.4%Al2O3 systems combined with the house decreased the annual energy consumption by about 43.54% and 52. 33% compared with the traditional house. The results also established that when using the PVT/0.4%Al2O3 system, the collected energy increased by 17.12%, while the auxiliary energy decreased by 31.51% compared with the PVT/water system. It is also concluded that using both the PVT/Al2O3 and the PVT/water systems with the traditional building covered the domestic hot water demand at about 42% to 100%, and 46% to 100% in various months, respectively. Finally, the results highlighted that there is an improvement in the thermal solar fraction of about 14.5% in the case of using the PVT/Al2O3 system compared with the PVT/water) system

PVT properties are important parameters in reservoir engineering. Correlations are used whenever EXPERIMENTALly derived PVT data are not available and data from local regions are expected to give better approximation to estimated PVT values. This paper evaluates the most frequently used empirical black oil PVT correlations for application in the Middle East. As will be discussed, Empirical PVT Correlations for Middle East crude oil have been compared as a function of commonly available PVT data. Correlations have been compared for: Bubble point pressure; solution gas oil ratio at bubble point pressure and oil formation volume factor at bubble point pressure. Often, these properties are required for oil field computations when there are no EXPERIMENTAL or laboratory measurements available. For comparison of correlations, a wide range of data has been covered. Approximately, five hundred Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) reports have been used in the comparison correlations. The PVT correlations can be ordered with respect to their accuracy: (a) Bubble point pressure: The result of AI-Marhoun and Standing are similar to Hanafy, Dindoruk; (b) Oil formation volume factor: Petrosky, Glaso and Dokla correlations produce similar results, while AI-Marhoun, Standing and Hanafy predictions are different and (c) Solution gas oil ratio: Standing and Al-Marhoun results are the same, however, Dindoruk, Glaso and Petrosky correlations are less accurate. Error bounds of the obtained correlations are calculated and compared to Middle East crude oil. All reservoir fluid property correlations available in the petroleum engineering literature were compared with this database.

In the present paper, the possibility of using thermoelectric power generating modules (TEG) to convert the heat generated by the photovoltaic / thermal collector (PVT) to electricity in Iranian cities has been investigated. Thermal modeling of PVT-TEG system has been performed. The hot side of the TEG module is connected to the top of the air duct, which is connected to the back of the solar panel. Air flows through the duct and cools the cold part of the TEG modules. TEG modules convert the generated temperature gradient into electricity. Therefore, generating additional electricity from the generated heat improves the performance of the system. To evaluate the performance of the PVT-TEG system, nine cities with different climates from Iran (Bander Abbas, Birjand, Bojnurd, Bushehr, Esfahan, Hamedan, Jask, Kerman and Kermanshah) have been considered. Meteorological data for each city were used for the studies. The results show that the efficiency of the system depends on the temperature and the intensity of radiation. The electricity produced by the proposed system in Kerman is 1. 66 times that of Bojnurd. Increasing the number of TEG modules increases the amount of electricity produced. Kerman city has the highest TEG efficiency (1. 58%)and Bojnurd city has the highest PVT efficiency(9. 15%).

In this paper, a combined PVT-heat exchanger cycle with the aim of cooling the PVT system and supplying the required air of an air-conditioning system in comfortable conditions is investigated. The effect of weather conditions (radiation intensity and ambient temperature) on the electrical efficiency of PVT system and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions has been investigated. For this purpose, several cities in Iran with different climates have been considered. The results show that the electrical efficiency of PVT system increases by5% in winter and 8% in summer. About 86% of the generated electricity is stored while the electrical energy required by the fan and pump and the cooling and heating energy of the building are supplied. The city of Tabriz has the highest electrical efficiency of about 0. 1622. Carbon dioxide emissions were also calculated. The use of the proposed hybrid system can be effective in reducing the emission of pollutants.

In this research, the volumetric properties of lubricants are predicted using two statistical mechanical equations of state called Ihm-Song-Mason and Tao-Mason equations of state at a broad range of temperatures (278. 15-398. 51 K) and pressures (0. 91-600 bar). The equations of state have been examined using corresponding state correlation based on just one input parameter (density at room temperature) as a scaling constant. In addition, the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) based on back propagation training with 7 neurons in a hidden layer for forecasting the lubricant performance was investigated. The average absolute deviations from literature for 1269 data points of pure lubricants using the improved Ihm-Song-Mason equation of state, Tao-Mason equation of state and ANN at different conditions are calculated to be 0. 75%, 0. 25% and 0. 17%, respectively.

Local Composition Concept (LCC) is combined with Kirkwood and Buff theory to propose a new model in terms of Radial Distribution Function (RDF) to evaluate the activity and osmotic coefficients of 1-1 and 1-2 strong aqueous electrolyte solutions. The model contains no adjustable parameter and can facilitate the calculations to a great extent. The RDF in the proposed model is obtained by solving integral equations of Percus-Yevick (PY), Hypernetted chain (HNC) and Mean Spherical Approximation (MSA). The effectiveness of these equations in accurately calculating the activity and osmotic coefficients is considered. The activity and osmotic coefficients evaluated by this model show better consistency with EXPERIMENTAL data for HNC integral equation. It is concluded that in spite of the simplicity of the proposed model, comparing with similar models in its application to 1-1 and 1-2 strong electrolyte solutions, better agreement with EXPERIMENTAL data is observed.

Finding a representative fluid in a hydrocarbon reservoir is crucial for integrated reservoir management. In this study, a systematic approach for screening and selecting consistent fluid samples in a reservoir was developed. The model integrated quality control (QC) of well conditioning before sampling, QC of PVT data, thermodynamic modeling and compositional gradient within a reservoir. Well and separator conditioning were examined as essential steps before sampling at equilibrium conditions. Sampling criteria were deduced according to available data, sampling standards, and tolerance of field measurement devices. Then, PVT data of consistent fluid samples were carefully screened for efficient phase behavior studies. This model suggests that thermodynamic modeling and equation of state (EOS) tuning be performed on screened fluids using only consistent EXPERIMENTAL data. The proposed model was implemented on PVT samples of a supergiant gas condensate reservoir in the Middle East. Results show that only 10% of collected samples are at equilibrium, good candidates for PVT studies. Also, ±0.1% change in composition of C12+ causes ±300 psia changes in dew-point pressure, revealing no substantial difference between validated samples for the reservoir under study, and one representative fluid suffices throughout the reservoir.