Background: Seborrheic Keratoses (SK) are common, benign and often multiple skin tumors with disputed etiology. A follicular origin, late onset nevoid disturbance or local arrests in maturation of keratinocytes have been proposed. Human PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) has been detected in a small number of cases, particularly those from the genital region.Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of HPV 6.11, 31 and 33 DNA in SK of nongenital regions.Materials and Methods: We examined 49 biopsy specimens of nongenital SK for the presence of HPV DNA using PCR technique (INNOLiPA HPV Genotyping Extra).Results: The SK specimens (n=49) were negative for all HPV PROBES (types 6.11, 31 and 33) tested. Genital wart specimens (n=2) were positive for types 6.11, 31 and 33 HPV DNA (positive controls), while chronic dermatitis specimens (n=10) were negative for all HPV types (negative controls).Conclusions: Our study results demonstrate that HPV types 6.11, 31 and 33 cannot be causative in SK of nongenital regions.

Background: Seborrheic Keratoses (SK) are common, benign and often multiple skin tumors with disputed etiology. A follicular origin, late onset nevoid disturbance or local arrest in maturation of keratinocytes have been proposed. Human PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) has been detected in a small number of cases, particularly those from the genital region. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of HPV 6/11, 31 and 33 DNA in SK of nongenital regions. Materials and Methods: We examined 49 biopsy specimens of nongenital SK for the presence of HPV DNA using PCR technique (INNOLiPA HPV Genotyping Extra).Results: The SK specimens (n=49) were negative for all HPV PROBES (types 6/11, 31 and 33) tested. Genital wart specimens (n=2) were positive for types 6/11, 31 and 33 HPV DNA (positive controls); while chronic dermatitis specimens (n=10) were negative for all HPV types (negative controls). Conclusions: Our study results demonstrate that HPV types 6/11, 31 and 33 cannot be causative in SK of nongenital regions.

Background and Objective: To estimate the risk of human PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) infection for cervical malignancies, we conducted a case-control study in southern Iran (Hormozgan province). Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 52 paraffin embedded blocks with exact diagnosis of cervical carcinoma(50 carcinomas and 2 carcinomas in situ) from 2001 to 2006 and 52 praffin embedded blocks of cervical tissue specimens with normal histopathology as the control group were tested for the presence of HPV DNA using PCR based assay.Results: HPV DNA was found out in 16 out of 52 patients (30.7%), while it was not detected in any of the control group samples.Conclusion: Considering the fact that unrestrained sexual behavior increases risk of becoming infected with HPV, our finding is in favor of the concept of low frequency of HPV infection and thus its less important role in women with cervical cancer in islamic countries.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is linked to human PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV). Globally, the prevalence and genotype distribution diff, er signifi, cantly. Objectives: The goal of this study was to fi, nd HPV 14, 16, 18, and 45 genotypes in urogenital swabs by using a real-time PCR amplifi, cation test for quantitative genotyping of HPV DNA types 16, 18, and 45 and for simultaneous quantitative detection of HPV DNA types 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68, for a total of 14 HPV genotypes. Methods: This case-control study included 86 cervical swabs from Iraqi women referred by the Al-Yarmook teaching hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. The ages of cases varied from 23 to 70 years and specimens were obtained between March 2020 and March 2021. The DNA was extracted for molecular assay. Fourteen HPV genotypes were detected using real-time PCR (16, 18, 45, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68). The detection protocol was based on the commercial Kit V31-100/F FRT as follows. For each sample reaction, 10(N+1) , L of PCR-mix-1-FRT HPV 14 was added into a new tube. Then, 5. 0(N+1) , L of PCR-mix-2 buff, er and 0. 5(N+1) , L of TaqF DNA polymerase were added. The tubes were vortexed. Finally, the prepared tubes added 10 , L of DNA samples from test or control samples. The statistical analysis was conducted using the statistical package for SPSS and Excel 2016 software. Results: Genotype 16 had the highest frequency, followed by genotypes 45 (22%), 18 (14%), 35 and 59 (6%), 52 and 58 (4%), and 31 (2%), while genotypes 33, 39, 51, 56, 66, and 68 had the lowest frequency (1%). Conclusions: The real-time PCR was effi, cient for detecting and genotyping HPV-DNA and could help in earlier detection and clinical care of HPV-infected patients by reducing costs and workload.

The present paper describes the use of methylene blue (MB) as an electroactive label on a pencil graphite (lead) electrode (PGE) to provide a well-defined recognition interface for the detection of HPV target DNA. In order to construct the sensor, a 20- mer single strand oligonucleotide probe related to human PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) major capsid protein L1 gene was immobilized on the PGE electrode. Hybridization event between the probe and its complementary sequence was studied by measurement of MB signal accumulated on the PGE using square wave voltammetry (SWV) method. Some hybridization experiments with noncomplementary oligonucleotides were carried out to examine the selectively of the sensor to the target DNA from other DNAs related to Hepatitis C VIRUS (HCV), fungi, and bacterial genes. Moreover, some factors affecting the function of sensor including electrode activation and probe immobilization condition were also investigated. The data showed that the constructed electrode detects the target DNA with detection limit of 1.2 ng ml-1 and discriminates it from various DNAs originated from a wide variety of organisms.

Purpose: There are some previous reports on the relationship between bladder cancer pathological grades and HPV detection. To determine the Human PAPILLOMA VIRUS(HPV) DNA in tumor Tissue and Urine in Different Stage of Bladder Cancer conducted this study. Materials and Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect general HPV and HPV16 and 18 subtypes in 110 bladder tumor tissue and urine specimens of patients with TCC of bladder between January 2014 to May 2016 that underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Exclusion criteria were genital wart and cases with immunosupression. Results: Mean age of 110 patients was 61. 6± 10 years and fourteen (12. 7%) of patients were female. PCR for general HPV primer in bladder tumor tissue was positive in 3 (9. 4%), 22 (38. 6%) and 15 (71. 4%) of Ta, T1 and T2 bladder tumors, respectively (P < 0. 001). PCR for HPV16 in bladder tumor tissue was positive in 2(6. 3%), 10 (17. 5%) and 13 (61. 9%) and PCR for HPV18 in bladder tumor tissue was positive in 1 (3. 1%), 14 (24. 6%) and 12 (57. 1%) of Ta, T1 and T2 bladder tumors, respectively (P < 0. 001, P < 0. 001). Thirty seven (33. 6%) of urine specimens were positive for general HPV using PCR and HPV16 and 18 subtypes were positive in 17 (15. 5%) and 14 (12. 7%) of urine specimens, respectively. Conclusion: HPV infection may be associated with higher stages and grades of bladder carcinomas. Urine sampling for HPV detection is as reliable as tumor tissue sample which could be considered for prognostic and follow up implications.