Background: Healthcare-associated infections such as NOSOCOMIAL infections (NI) are important causes of mortality worldwide. Objectives: In this study we evaluated the NOSOCOMIAL infections terms of microbiology (resistance, culturing, etc.) in a referral pediatric hospital based on national NOSOCOMIAL infection surveillance system.Patients and Methods: In an epidemiological surveillance study during a 14 month-period, patients who had no infection or not been in incubation period at the admission time, but had positive culture after the third day of admission, were defined as a case of NOSOCOMIAL infection. Characteristics and features of each infection were coded and classified.Results: The total number of hospitalized patients was 7730 and the total number of hospitalized days was 30147 days. The mean age of 103 patients with NOSOCOMIAL infection was 21.59±3.87 months and the average duration of hospital stay was 25.53 ±17.63 days. The incidence of NI was 1.33 per 100 hospital discharges and 0.34 per 100 hospital days. The incidence of NI was 1.33 infections per 100 hospital discharges and 0.34 infection per 100 hospital days. The most frequently isolated organisms included coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Serratia, yeast, E. coli and Pseudomonas respectively. The frequency of antimicrobial resistant isolated organisms was high. Half of isolated S. aureus were Methicillin resistant. Klebsiella was resistant to third generation Cephalosporins in 87%, against aminoglicosides in 80%, and against Imipenem in 52%.100% of isolated pseudomonas were resistant to third generation Cephalosporins and Imipenem.27 cases (of 103 cases) (26.2%) expired with the diagnosis of NI. Conclusions: Increasing frequency of anti-microbial resistant isolates emphasizes the necessity for bacteriological monitoring of hospitalized children.

NOSOCOMIAL infections remain one of the most severe public health issues, infecting millions of patients worldwide each year.  The global prevalence of NOSOCOMIAL infections varies between 3.0% and 20.7%, with an incidence rate ranging from 5% to 10%. In this short article, we have tried to present a different perspective on the future of NOSOCOMIAL infections from the author's viewpoint. According to our assessment, due to megatrends such as global exposure, population aging, and augmenting drug resistance, NOSOCOMIAL infections are expected to become more severe in the future. On the other hand, advancements in health technologies such as e-health, Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, and less invasive interventions form a new generation of hospitals capable of preventing and controlling NOSOCOMIAL infections. Presenting novel approaches to NOSOCOMIAL infection management will transform medicine. Therefore, it seems that in the following years, NOSOCOMIAL infections will follow a different trend.

Dear Editor-in-Chief In a study conducted by WHO in 55 hospitals situated in 14 countries of the four regions of Europe, East Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific, it was found that, on the average, 8.7% of hospitalized patients were afflicted with hospital-acquired infections. This study also revealed that more than 4.1 million people in the world suffer from hospital infections. The rate among ICU patients is 28%, compared with a 12% for overall hospital admissions…