The major purpose of this study was to examine the advantages and implications of BIOGAS technology in the agriculture sector. BIOGAS is one of many biomass energy sources, which include anything that was once alive and that can generate energy (except for fossil fuels, which are not renewable). To talk of BIOGAS is to talk of agriculture, since BIOGAS generation starts with agricultural waste produce, such as cow dung, husk, straw etc. and ends with agricultural produce, use of slurry on crops. Slurry is one of the most environmentally sound organic fertilizers in use today. The information collected in this study by reviewing literatures. Renewable energy sources have a large potential to contribute to the sustainable development of specific territories by providing them with a wide variety of socioeconomic benefits, including personal/household impacts, health impacts, social, economic and environmental impacts. BIOGAS as an adaptive and cost-effective energy system, integrate livestock into the farming system.

Due to the increasing population growth and energy requirement, the interest in renewable energy sources has increased in the recent years. BIOGAS is one of the sustainable energy resources in the world. In the cattle, ovine, and poultry farming, a large amount of fertilizer is produced in Afghanistan. These wastes are a big problem for businesses, and their evaluation is of great importance. One of the ways to utilize the wastes is the BIOGAS production. In this work, the annual BIOGAS and the total annual heat value potential of Afghanistan are determined depending on the number of animals. As a result, the Afghanistan's BIOGAS potential between 2010 and 2017 is between 1172355870 m 3 /y and 1282692614 m 3 /y. According to the results obtained, the total annual heat value potential is between 29117122340 MJ/y and 26612478246 MJ/y. As a result, the widespread use of BIOGAS in Afghanistan is of great importance in terms of both the waste disposal and the energy production.

There is a great need to implement low-cost and user-friendly methods for further propagation of BIOGAS technology in India. Environment unfriendly disposal of floral waste causes serious environmental pollution. Literature shows a limited research work regarding the anaerobic digestion of floral waste for BIOGAS generation. The present experimental work aims to propagate floral waste as a sustainable source of BIOGAS energy in India. Using different techniques like novel alkaline pretreatment, solar heating of the digester and co-digestion with food waste give enhanced BIOGAS production from floral waste. A novel alkaline pretreatment of the floral waste using sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate gives an improvement in BIOGAS output by 106%, with a saving in the cost of chemical pretreatment up to 96%, compared to traditional sodium hydroxide pretreatment. Also, solar heating of the digester increases the BIOGAS output by 122% as compared to digesters in ambient conditions. Co-digestion of the floral waste with food waste also improves BIOGAS output by 32. 6%. Raw BIOGAS from floral waste contains over 57% methane, which is higher than the previous studies. Large-scale application of the techniques can benefit the society.

Background: Following an extensive examination of various biofiltration packing materials within a typical bioreactor (a biofilter) is aiming to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the raw BIOGAS. Methods: Both biochar (pre- and post-pyrolysis at 400, 500, and 600 °C) and cellular concrete (CLC) waste, representing organic and inorganic packing materials, respectively, displayed remarkable removal efficiency (RE) performance under dynamic conditions. Nevertheless, the physical and chemical properties of these packing materials play a crucial role in absorbing and trapping H2S for further filtration from the raw BIOGAS. Key evaluations encompass chemical compositions, porosity, and specific surface area, aligning with contemporary research methodologies (e.g., XRF, Walkley-black, Kjeldahl, BET, T-plot), as analyzed in this study. Results: Subsequently, the modification of these physicochemical properties aimed to demonstrate continued interactions of iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) with H2S for chemical modification of CLC waste, and enhance the specific surface area of biochar from 12, 22, and 24 m2/g to 235, 433, 475 m2/g, and for porosity from 0.01, 0.42, and 0.025 cm3/g to 0.096, 4, 0.24 cm3/g, respectively, for physical modification of biochar samples after pyrolysis at 400, 500, and 600 °C. Conclusion: In the end, improving the possibility of getting better RE from a laboratory-scale biofilter is possible by modification of the most effective physical (adding KOH to biochar and increasing porosity by 9 times, specific surface area by 19 times) and chemical (adding Fe2O3 to CLC waste) properties of the environment-friendly packing materials.

BIOGAS technology has been developed worldwide in recent decades to provide affordable, secure, and clean energy in rural and developing regions. The technology presents various advantages, as it can be utilized for heating, generating power, and functioning as both a fuel and a raw material in the chemical manufacturing process. However, its widespread adoption remains hindered by complex social, economic, and environmental challenges. Local acceptance is increasingly becoming a critical factor for BIOGAS projects and the transition to renewable energy. The objective of this systematic review is to explore and assess the diverse factors that contribute to the acceptance of BIOGAS, utilizing publications from the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases for analysis. The study examined the connections among authors, disciplines, and geographic regions to contextualize the findings within the global framework. A visualization of similarities and Java-based software was utilized to map the trends in co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic developments from 2013 to 2024. Adopting the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses methodology, 1,358 studies were screened, resulting in 20 peer-reviewed publications meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 248 factors influencing the acceptance of BIOGAS were identified and clustered along the three sustainability dimensions. BIOGAS projects are influenced by social, environmental, and economic factors in distinct ways depending on the country or region. The weight scores within each dimension were normalized and the overall score of the studies were calculated, allowing for a comparability of the studies. The finding reveals that social factors are the most significant determinants of BIOGAS adoption, including public trust, procedural justice, and community involvement, accounting for 45 percent of the total. Financial aspects, including incentives, operational costs, and market conditions represent 31 percent. The remaining 24 percent was comprised of environmental factors that received the lowest overall scores, including emission reduction, resource compatibility, and land use impacts. This indicates that the environmental drivers are less emphasized than the other two dimensions. The study emphasizes the critical significance of local governance, the engagement of stakeholders, and the implementation of strategic communication in facilitating the uptake of BIOGAS. Perceived benefits, equity in decision-making, and accessible financial mechanisms emerged as key enablers, while barriers included mistrust, lack of awareness, uneven decision-making, and cost constraints. The significance of tailoring strategies to local conditions is highlighted by regional disparities. In Europe, the focus is on policy alignment, stakeholder governance, and sophisticated infrastructure, whereas developing regions emphasize affordability, education, and resource accessibility. The study highlights the necessity of an integrated approach that considers social, economic, and environmental dimensions, providing actionable insight to ensure equitable and sustainable BIOGAS implementation.