Aim: In several studies in adults, association between Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (c ITP) has been investigated and their results mainly indicate that there is such an association. Eradication therapy with antibiotics usually increased platelet count in these patients. But few studies are performed in children with c ITP. We have investigated the effectiveness of H.pylori directed antibiotic therapy, in increasing platelet count, and its effect on indication for splenectomy, in children and adolescent with c ITP in our centre. Methods: A Serological test for Helicobacter pylori IgG, was performed in 25 patients and for reconfirmation, upper gastro - intestinal endoscopy and stomach and/ or duodenal mucosal biopsy was carried out in positive cases, who received a standard eradication treatment later on. The platelet counts were checked before and for six months after therapy (observation). Results: Twenty five out of 33 patients with proven c ITP, 11 males and 14 females, with a mean age of 11.8±3.8 years, were enrolled. Ten of them (40%) were positive for H pylori infection. After eradication therapy, two patients went to complete response and 2 to partial response (40% overall response). The rest of patients had more or less considerable rises in their platelet counts. Comparing the mean platelet counts before and after eradication therapy in the patients, mean platelet count was higher after eradication therapy in positive cases (58300 ± 50693 vs. 81800 ± 67027) (p=0.017). At the end of study five patients in the control group underwent splenectomy, versus 0 in the case group (p=0.03). Conclusion: Eradication of H pylori infection in children and adolescents with c ITP is recommended to increase platelet count and avoid splenectomy.