used to increase the strength and stability of the body position, and effective results have been obtained. Also, hydrotherapy in a shallow pool has physiological and biomechanical advantages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrotherapy and theraband on ground reaction forces and electrical activity during running in people with pronitis. Materials & Methods: The current research was of semi-experimental and laboratory type. The sample included 45 male students with peronitis with an age range of 18-25, which were chosen purposefully and voluntarily. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups of water exercises, theraband exercises, and control groups. Before and after training in water and training by traband, ground reaction force variables were measured using a force plate device. Two-way analysis of variance and t-test at a significance level of 0. 05 were used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: There was a statistically significant difference before and after training in water and training with the band between the effect of time on the peak component of the anterior-posterior force when the heel leaves the ground (P=0. 019,d=0. 124) and the time it reaches the peak of the anterior-posterior force when the heel leaves the ground (P=0/023,d=0. 116). There was also a statistically significant difference before and after training in water and training with the band on the effect of the group factor in the peak anterior-posterior force component during heel contact with the ground (P=0. 029,d=0. 159) and peak vertical force during heel contact with the ground (P=0. 037,d=0. 145), The interaction effect of time*group in the internal-external force component during the contact of the heel with the ground before and after the exercises in the water and the training with the band showed a statistically significant difference (P=0. 001,d=0. 268). Also there was a statistically significant difference the interaction effect of time*group in the component of the time to reach the peak of anterior-posterior force before and after the exercises in the water and the training with the band (P=0. 008,d=0. 205). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the effect of exercises in water and theraband on the ground reaction force during running has a significant effect on the rehabilitation of people with peronitis, although the exercises in the water are more effective compared to the exercises with traband.

Background: The management of critically-ill individuals in intensive care units (ICU) is complex. Immobility, pharmacological treatments, and reduced perfusion lead to compromised skin integrity, predisposing to complications like infections and allergies. The presence of dermatological disorders (DDs) may influence management strategies, the patient’s quality of life, duration of ventilation, length of hospitalization, and rate of mortality. Hence, it is critical to analyze the predictors of DDs among ICU inpatients. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of DDs in ICUs, classify them, and analyze their associated parameters. Methods: Patients admitted to Medicine/Neonatal/Paediatric ICUs were enrolled in this hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted over two months at a tertiary care hospital. Patients with pre-existing DDs not leading to admission were excluded. The screening was initiated within 48 hours of admission, continued daily throughout the ICU stay, and terminated on discharge from the ICU, in the case of patient death or at the end of the data collection period. Requisite information was recorded using a predesigned proforma. Results: Out of 688 patients screened, 129 were found to have 136 skin lesions, with an overall prevalence of 18.9%; MICU had the highest prevalence (22.7%), followed by NICU (17.3%) and PICU (12%). Skin lesions were classified into seven major categories. A significant association was found between the type of dermatological disorder and age, the presence of comorbidity, and the route of admission (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: This study identified modifiable predictors associated with DDs among ICU inpatients. Infectious disorders constituted the foremost category in children, and iatrogenic disorders were predominant in adults. More comprehensive prospective studies are needed to fully understand the impact of DDs on the prognosis and outcome of ICU patients.

Background: In December 2019, the spread of a new infectious disease was reported in Wuhan, caused by a new coronavirus named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization. This study aims to compare the dispersion of COVID-19 disease among four Iranian cities in North Khorasan named Bojnord, Farooj, Jajarm, and Shirvan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study includes information about the daily morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in 1124 patients from March to May 2021. The analysis of variance method, Scheffe post hoc technique and Leven’s test are used to compare the means and the variances of daily morbidity and mortality of these cities. Finally, the coefficients of variation (CVs) of the morbidity and mortality are compared. Results: The means of daily morbidity in Bojnord, Farooj, Jajarm, and Shirvan cities are 6. 387, 0. 946, 1. 150, and 2. 193, respectively. Furthermore, the means of daily mortality in Bajnourd, Farooj, Jajarm, and Shirvan are 0. 763, 0. 193, 0. 161, and 0. 290, respectively. The means and the variances of both daily mortality and morbidity are significantly different in all four cities (P < 0. 05). Furthermore, CVs of daily morbidity in the cities of Bojnord, Farooj, Jajarm, and Shirvan are 0. 665, 1. 026, 1. 032, and 0. 787, respectively. The CVs of daily mortality in these cities are 1. 196, 2. 052, 2. 468, and 1. 728, respectively. The CVs of both daily mortality and morbidity are significantly different in all four cities (P < 0. 05). Conclusion: The ratio of CVs is a good option for comparing the spread of COVID-19 in different regions with different means and variances.

Background: Considering the prevalence of cetuximab-induced rashes in colorectal cancer patients and its impact on patient’s quality of life and treatment, this study aimed at investigating the effect of topical vitamin K1 on the treatment of skin rashes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab. Materials and Methods: This randomized, controlled, triple-blind, clinical trial was conducted on 49 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who were candidates for cetuximab treatment and referred to Omid Hospital in Isfahan during 2021–2022. Vitamin K1 cream with a concentration of 0. 1% in the intervention group (n = 25) and placebo cream in the control group (n = 24) were prescribed twice a day (in the morning and before bedtime) for eight weeks. The rash grade was recorded based on common terminology criteria for adverse events-4 (CTCAE-4) criteria before the intervention and in the fourth and eighth weeks during the intervention. Results: During the intervention, skin rash grades in the fourth and eighth weeks with the means of 1. 00 ± 0. 64 and 0. 84 ± 0. 55, respectively, were significantly lower in the intervention group, as compared with the control group with the means of 1. 42 ± 0. 65 and 1. 25 ± 0. 68, respectively (P value < 0. 05). Moreover, the severity of skin rashes decreased significantly in the intervention group over time during eight weeks (P value < 0. 05),however, its decrease was not significant in the control group (P value > 0. 05). Conclusion: Topical vitamin K1 cream had a significant effect on reducing the severity of cetuximab-induced skin rashes over eight weeks of treatment.

Background and Objectives: The study aimed to examine the psychological impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on nurses' mental well-being, specifically focusing on their sleep quality and selfefficacy. The comparison was made between nurses working in COVID-19 units and those in other departments in Kerman City. This research is particularly relevant given the global uncertainty surrounding the long-term effects of the pandemic. Methods: The study used a descriptive, cross-sectional, and comparative approach to collect data through a questionnaire including demographic details, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. The data was then analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Results: The study found that nurses in the COVID ward had significantly worse sleep with scores of 8. 6 compared to 6. 91 for those in the non-COVID ward (P < 0. 001). Nurses in the non-COVID ward also had higher self-efficacy scores with 29. 87 compared to 26. 95 for those in the COVID ward (P < 0. 001). In both groups, there was a negative correlation between sleep and self-efficacy, with r =-0. 139, P = 0. 009 for COVID ward nurses and r =-0. 448, P < 0. 001 for non-COVID ward nurses, suggesting that lower sleep scores were associated with higher self-efficacy scores. Conclusion: The study concludes that even a year after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses continue to experience significant sleep disturbances and reduced self-efficacy. It emphasizes the need for medical institutions to manage human resources effectively to ensure nurses receive sufficient sleep. The findings suggest that hospital nurses, regardless of their work history and shifts, are at a heightened risk of reporting psychological issues, insomnia, and poor self-efficacy.

Background: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common cancer happened in gastrointestinal tract, with the overall incidence rate of 4%-5% among human beings. Like most malignancies, we uncovered the exact mechanisms of the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer yet. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the molecules that can be used as diagnostic maker at early stage. In addition, we also need to define the essential factors that related to the prognosis and treatment of the colon carcinoma. Methods: The study was conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China in September 2020. The R language was used to identify the differentially expressed genes. We performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the diagnostic markers for COAD. The machine learning strategy was used to assess the effectiveness of genes in the diagnosis of COAD. The molecular mechanism and prognostic value of genes were explored by bioinformatics analysis and molecular experiments. Results: The expression level of heat shock factor 4 (HSF4) was significantly elevated in COAD patients (P=1. 89×10-29), according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Additionally, survival analysis showed the higher expression level of the HSF4 was correlated with the poor prognosis in COAD. Conclusion: The HSF4 was the target gene of zinc finger protein 692(ZNF692). HSF4 might promote the progression of COAD through the apoptosis pathway. It was diagnostic and prognosis maker of COAD. Furthermore, the upstream gene of HSF4, ZNF692, promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by regulating HSF4 expression.

Background: The increasing importance of antibiotic resistance shows the need for determining indices of the epidemiology of infection. Aims: This study aimed to determine the virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis cases. Methods: A total of 200 cattle were selected based on California Mastitis Test (CMT) results, and the samples were cultured in the laboratory. Grown colonies were examined by conventional phenotypic methods and confirmed using PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene. The prevalence of the virulence genes was also defined. The results of phenotypic and molecular tests were compared using SPSS software by McNemar test. Then, the confirmed isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the disc diffusion method. Results: Of the 200 positive CMT cattle, 24 animals were positive for S. aureus and confirmed using 16S rRNA gene amplification. Statistical analysis showed that the phenotypic and genotypic tests of hemolysin genes were not significantly different (P>0.01). PCR analysis revealed the presence of coa and clfa genes in more than half of the cases. Overall, nine genetic profiles of virulence factors were found among S. aureus isolates. The highest and lowest resistance rates were against penicillin and gentamicin, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings showed a high rate of antibiotic resistance. So, accurate and fast diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility tests should be considered before prescribing the drugs.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the changes in fatigue of patients with coronary artery diseases after the rehabilitation intervention based on demographic and clinical variables. Methods: This study was a single-arm clinical trial with a pre and post-intervention design. The statistical population of the study included patients with coronary artery diseases who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery or percutaneous coronary interventions, 4-6 weeks after discharge, referred to Khorramabad Cardiac Rehabilitation Center. They were selected by a purposeful sampling method. The data were collected through demographic and clinical information questionnaires and Piper Fatigue Measurement Questionnaire. Education on risk factors at home (weeks 4 and 8) was presented in the area of rehabilitation, the data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS software. Results: Most of the patients were male (54. 4%), married (87%), and in the age group of 47-58 years (50%). Their mean age was 54. 63 ± 8. 87 years, and the mean duration of heart disease in the subjects (by months) was 33. 24 ± 50. 84. Comparing the mean changes in fatigue after the intervention based on some influencing demographic variables of the patients, including age, gender, type of treatment, and the duration of the disease showed no significant difference (p>0. 05). Conclusion: The implementation of a home cardiac rehabilitation program by nurses, as a low-cost, accessible, and feasible intervention, can be considered an effective step in reducing the fatigue of patients with coronary artery disease and should be considered by managers.

Background: Several studies have investigated the role of physical activity (PA) in self-efficacy (S-EF) and self-esteem (S-ES) of people, especially visually-impaired individuals. Therefore, the goal of this research was to compare the S-EF and S-ES in athlete and non-athlete blind and visually impaired individuals. Methods: In this study, the population comprised all blind and visually impaired people in Arak, among whom 92 participants with the mean age of 32. 42 ± 11. 46 were selected as the sample of the study by purposive sampling method. Based on a demographic questionnaire, they were divided into two groups of athletes and non-athletes. The research instruments included a self-esteem index (SEI) and a general self-efficacy scale (GSES) which were completed by an interview. The results were analyzed using one-sample and independent samples t-tests. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data at a significance level of P = 0. 05. Results: The results indicated that overall in athletes, the average S-EF and S-ES were higher than those in non-athletes. The results also showed that the S-ES of athletes was significantly higher than the theoretical average (P = 0. 001) and there was a significant difference between the overall S-ES of the visually impaired and blind athletes and non-athletes (P = 0. 001). Conclusion: In general, the results showed that exercise and PA, especially group PA, may play an effective role in increasing S-EF and S-ES of the blind and visually impaired people.

Background: Orthopedic surgeries are frequently complicated with a high amount of intra-operative hemorrhage, and this bleeding has a direct effect on the results of these operations. Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of preoperative administration of fibrinogen on intraoperative bleeding in pelvic surgeries. Methods: This study was a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Forty-two patients were randomly divided into two groups of fibrinogen and placebo. Hemoglobin, platelet, and fibrinogen levels were measured in all patients before surgery. In the intervention group, the patients received 1 gr. of fibrinogen after the induction of anesthesia. In the control group, the patients received the same volume of normal saline. All data on bleeding, transfused blood, blood pressure, duration of surgery, hemoglobin, platelet, and fibrinogen levels were recorded during a 24-hour period after surgery. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of age and sex between the groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between hemoglobin, blood transfusion rate, international normalization ratio (INR), prothrombin time (PT), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) in the two study groups (P > 0.05). Patients' bleeding rate was significantly lower in the fibrinogen group (1328.57 ± 227.8 mL) than in the placebo group (1610 ± 479.58 mL) (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between serum levels of fibrinogen before and after surgery in both groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Although prophylactic injection of fibrinogen did not decrease the rate of blood transfusion to the patients in pelvic surgeries, it resulted in a significant bleeding reduction.