The forced convection heat transfer in the circular couette flow of Non-Newtonian fluid is investigated when the inner cylinder is rotated at angular speed and the outer cylinder is fixed. The fluid viscosity is considered concurrently to be dependent on the temperature and shear rate. The temperature dependency of viscosity is modeled exponentially according to the Nahme law and dependence of viscosity on shear is modeled with the Carreau equation. The viscous dissipation term is adding intricacy to the already highly interdependent set of governing motion and energy equations. The highly nonlinear governing equations are derived for the steady state base flow in the narrow gap limit. The perturbation method has been applied to obtain an approximate solution for these equations. The effect of governing parameter such as Brinkman numbers and Deborah number on the thermal stability is examined. In addition, the analysis illustrated that the Nusselt number of the outer cylinder increases as the Deborah number increases. It, although, decreases by increasing Brinkman number. The pseudo plastic fluid between concentric cylinders is heated as Brinkman number and increases due to frictional loss and it is cooled as Deborah number increases due to the fluid elasticity behavior.

Laminar two dimensional forced convective heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a horizontal microchannel has been studied numerically, considering axial conduction, viscous dissipation and variable properties effects. The existing criteria in the literature for considering viscous dissipation in energy equation are compared for different cases and the most proper one is applied for the rest of the paper. The results showed that nanoparticles enhance heat transfer characteristics of the channel and on contrast, viscous dissipation causes the Nusselt number and friction factor to decrease. The viscous dissipation effect may be emphasized by increasing Reynolds number and decreased by raising the exerted heat flux. Also, it was found that there is a critical Reynolds number below which the average Nusselt number of the nanofluid changes unusually with Reynolds number as a result of variable properties effect.

The effect of variable gravity on the free convection in a horizontal porous layer with viscous dis-sipation is investigated. The bottom boundary is taken as adiabatic and there is a non-uniform temperature distribution along the upper boundary. The effect of viscous dissipation is significant and the top boundary temperature distribution is assumed to have a constant gradient. The gravity varies linearly with the height. A linear stability analysis of the basic flow is carried out. The critical horizontal Rayleigh number is calculated for oblique roll disturbances. The longitudinal rolls are found to be the most unstable ones. The viscous dissipation has a destabilizing effect. There is a drastic decrease in the value of critical horizontal Rayleigh number when modified variable gravity parameter changes from -1 to 1.

An analysis is presented to investigate the influences of viscous dissipation on MHD natural convection flow along a uniformly heated vertical wavy surface. The governing equations are transformed into dimensionless non-similar equations using a set of suitable transformations and solved numerically by the implicit finite difference method known as the Keller box scheme. Numerical results for the velocity profiles, temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient, and the rate of heat transfers are shown graphically and in tabular form for different values of the selective set of parameters.

Typically viscous liquid explosives are injected into the warhead. The injection device consisted of a piston which moves downward and leads the viscous fluid through a cylindrical duct towards the end of the duct. Then the viscous fluid entered into a converging nozzle and injected into the warhead or other ammunitions. This article is an analysis of heat transfer of fluid flow of the liquid explosive in the converging nozzle, as a part of the injection device under exposer of heat flux from the walls. Also viscous dissipation phenomenon is considered, which is due to the viscosity of the fluid. It will raise the fluid temperature. Forced convection heat transfer is investigated analytically. Fully developed laminar flow is assumed. This analysis is done by considering wall heating and wall cooling. By comparing the effect of viscous dissipation and heat flux, it is investigated that effect of which of them is more significant. Axial heat conduction is neglected. Physical properties are assumed to be constant. The theoretical analysis of the steady heat transfer in nozzle flow for non-Newtonian fluid with considering viscous dissipation term in energy equation is performed by an analytical method. An important feature of this approach is obtaining steady temperature distribution of explosive fluid in converging pipe flow with viscous dissipation. Effects of the inlet velocity and density of liquid explosive on the distribution of temperature are presented. Also effect of changing the convergence angle on heat transfer is investigated.

This study involves an MHD rotating nano fluid ow over a stretching surface. Base fluid, via water, and kerosene liquids are employed with Barium Ferrite BaO. 6Fe2O3 nanosize particles in our investigation, which are known as ferro fluid. Governing equations involving partial derivatives of the problem are established and converted into dimensionless forms of ordinary derivatives by means of suitable and compatible similarity transformations. The transformed system of equations is tackled by a reliable numerical scheme as a midpoint integration pattern together with an extrapolation scheme of Richardson. This numerical pattern is launched in maple software. Variations in ow, velocity and temperature due to the involved parameters are recorded via graphs and tables. The authors' targeted quantities, like local tangential stress and heat transfer rate at the wall, are calculated for nano fluid. Heat transfer rate at surface level z = 0 rises with a rise in solid nanoparticle ', but it falls with a rise in magnetic factor M, spin factor  , and Eckert number Ec. The higher heat transfer rate is recorded in the case of kerosene grounded Ferro fluid. Base fluid plays a vital role in determinations. Water is preferred as the base fluid for significant outcomes.

The flow and heat transfer characteristics of Oberbeck convection of a chiral fluid in the presence of the transverse magnetic field, viscous dissipation and variable viscosity are investigated. The coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the problem are solved both analytically and numerically. The analytical solutions are obtained using a regular perturbation and numerical solutions obtained using finite difference method. The solution is valid for small values of Buoyancy parameter and variable viscosity parameter R1. The analytical results are compared with the numerical results and found good agreement. The role of temperature dependent viscosity and viscous dissipation on velocity, temperature, skin friction and the rate of heat transfer are determined. The results are depicted graphically, from these graphs it is noticed that the velocity is parabolic in nature and increases with an increase in magnetochiral number. Physically this is attributed to the fact that magnetochiral number introduces small scale turbulences.