The general rule of Key Money or Goodwill, as is common among people in Iran, could be found in Note 2 of Article 6 of the Landlord-Tenant Relations Law passed in 1997, which states: "If the landlord transfers the key money to the tenant with a correct legal form, at the time of eviction, the tenant receives the right to legally demand key money on fair day rates. " The legislator proposes two methods as examples of the "correct legal form". The question that arises here is that: By these two methods, is it possible to create a right with particular characteristics required in that general rule, so as to be able to jurisprudentially correct the common key money deals in accordance with the law, or not? By analyzing the jurisprudential foundations of these two methods, it becomes clear that no one can create a right to be transferable and legally demandable to the rate of the day. Therefore, the two methods mentioned in the Law of 1997 aren't competent to jurisprudentially correct the common key money deals, and are inconsistent with that general rule.

Criticism, as a surgical process of literary texts, seeks to express the weaknesses of scientific works and then to explain the strengths and highlight their positive aspects. As one of the meanings of critique in the Arabic word is to take the bird’ s grain and beak it to remove the healthy grain and to remove the defective and rotten grain. The science of syntax as one of the important disciplines of linguistics has been a strategic weapon of explorers of literary texts, and has always been considered by thinkers to provide critique and to write about scientific compositions. The book under review is an attempt to document some of the syntactic titles presented in the book "Mughni al-Adib", which is itself a new version of "Mughni al-Labib" by Ibn Hisham Ansari. This research is based on a descriptive-analytical method, and the results indicate that there is almost no trace of modernity in reasoning, and the presentation had solid and convincing approach in work. The explanations given by the author under the title of "syntactic revolution" are generally either incorrect, or quoting one of the famous opinions of its predecessors without mentioning their opinion, or attributing some of these opinions to themselves as a new argument and It is the syntactic initiative of the author. The rhythm of the book is also slow, monotonous and boring, and it does not have an attractive shape in terms of writing and processing. Thora’ s syntactic book is generally an undocumented, unsubstantiated quasi-scientific work that is far removed from the reference system and is in fact, an unstable and weakened version of important sources in the field.

Grammar has always been considered by language learners as well as by those engaged in language education as an essential component of language, and their expectations from and planning for any language education programs have been conditioned accordingly. The definitions of the term grammar and its categories in all languages go back to traditional Latin and Greek grammarians irrespective of their possibly obvious differences and have persisted even now long after the emergence of the scientific study of language which recognizes the unique system of every single language (cf. Saussure, 1916/ 1956). What is grammar and how much is it effective in ‘ learning’ an L2, if at all? This paper will examine the commonsensical understanding of the term grammar, i. e. ‘ the code-system’ as opposed to ‘ grammar’ as ‘ a theory of human experience’ : an agency construing human experience into meaning (cf. Halliday & Matthissen, 2004), i. e. ‘ grammaticality’ as opposed to ‘ textuality’ , arguing that if any recourse to grammar is advocated, as done in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) literature in the form of ‘ focus-on-form’ mediation, this ‘ form’ , rather than being defined in terms of ‘ grammaticality’ , should be ‘ textuality-oriented’ due to the reality that the knowledge accumulated by the learner about the grammaticality is of declarative nature and as such it will not convert into procedural communicative competence. Expanding upon the work done earlier on the topic (cf. Lotfipoursaedi, 2015, 2016, & 2019), the concept of textuality and how its perception by the recipients of a text enables them to handle it will be further discussed and examples of textuality-oriented L2 education pedagogic moves, as the SLA classroom mediation strategies will be examined.

Background: The prevalence of unwanted pregnancies in Iran is estimated to be about 40% which is related to incorrect usage of contraceptives or nonusers of them despite unwillingness to fertility. Objective: To investigate the effective factors on correct usage of contraceptives. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 1996 on 4177 women who referred to one of the 12 training hospitals in Tehran. Data was analysed by Logistic Regression Model Findings: 31.1% of subjects had unwanted pregnancies. Among the subjects who had unwanted pregnancies, 79.9% had used contraceptives. 59.5% of contraceptive users used traditional methods and 40.5% used modem methods. Generally, 69% of the cases in contrast to 31% used their method correctly. Conclusion: Health policy-makers should strive more to improve family-planning programs specially through cooperation of husbands.      

Landscape architects use different sources of inspiration for generating design ideas, among them previous works. Since this is the most frequent method used by design students, the question posed is how can landscape architecture students be guided through the correct ways of mapping from built examples. This paper first reviews the works of scholars on the approaches to generating design ideas as internal/external sources of inspiration, locating the place of built examples as sources of inspiration.Next, by employing the structure-mapping theoretical framework, various mapping strategies are introduced as structural mapping, superficial mapping, literal mapping, and metaphor. The suggestions of other scholars regarding the guidance through the correct ways of mapping in landscape architecture design education are presented, among them, the selection of a good example, knowledge of and training for correct mapping in students. The results of this research show that promoting landscape architecture students in this regard has a difficult track ahead, involving students’ training efforts and educators’ expected awareness.

The Zakat Law was approved by the parliment and Guardian Counci in 2011 Given the importance of zakat and its role in poverty alleviation, it is expected that the strengths and weaknesses of this law will be taken into account and will continue to evolve The present study, along with a list of some advantages of the Zakat law, attempts to use the descriptive analytical method to evaluate this law in the form of a three-axis evaluation and a framework for eliminating potential defects and promoting them. These include: (a) structural assessment, such as ambiguity in the legal personality of the Zakat council; the lack of consideration of the obligation of its members to the specific task; the ambiguity in the status of the institutions in the interfacing of responsibilities; the lack of attention to infrastructures such as the comprehensive information system, the monitoring and reference system Litigation (B) Method evaluation, such as the lack of clarification of the concepts and objectives of Zakat and the duties of the Powers, the disproportionate incentive system, and the forgiveness of the wicked; the disregard of the requirements of other religions. C) content assessment, such as the necessity of targeting state aid, the lack of unity of members in local councils and the need to determine the duties of tax payers.

The most important factor in the design of Chute Spillways is to control the occurrence of cavitation which is due to high velocity and negative pressure of flow. Cavitation occurs when the pressure of the fluid reaches its vapor pressure. In this condition, the fluid is evaporated and bubble is produced inside the liquid. When these bubbles arrive at a region of fluid flow with high pressure, bubbles explode and cause serious damage to structure (Iranian Water Research Institute, 2011). In Iran, the cavitation phenomenon has caused serious damage to the Karun I dam's spillway. The present study, considering the extracted results from laboratory model of chute spillway of Darian dam's spillway, investigates the probability of occurrence of cavitation and examines the reliability of this issue using form and Monte Carlo Simulation Method (MCSM). This model is made at a scale of 1: 50 in Iranian Water Research Institute. This embankment dam is located in Paveh, Kermanshah province, Iran. The spillway channel width is 68 meters which reaches 42 meters in convergent chute. The slope length of this chute is 300. 66 meters, with an angle of 14 degrees. In this laboratory model, in order to cope with the phenomenon of cavitation along the chute, two aerators in the form of deflector were used at the intervals of 211 and 270 at the beginning of chute. In order to study and control the occurrence of cavitation, it is necessary to provide information such as average velocity and pressure applied on the floor in different parts of the structure. Therefore, the flow velocity and the dynamic pressure were measured over it.

Academic promotion has always been amongst the favorite dreams of faculty members and is encouraged by medical universities. Some of these achievements may find their true place if a chair is defined for a highly capable faculty so that the spirit of competition remains alive and rivalries are altogether banished. The dignity, grandeur, and reputation of an academician is related to the magnitude, scope, and spectrum of his/her thinking capabilities, intuitive powers, and their wise application in academic pursuits. The vaster the horizon of thinking, the greater would be the dignity of an academician. Individuals who are humble would achieve higher distinctions because of their ability to exploit their capabilities of thinking, intuition, understanding, and perception in contrast to their self-centered colleagues. Intellectuals who have managed to come out of this web of selfishness have a wider horizon of thinking and thus are able to sparkle their intellectual powers in the greater interest of the students in general and the society in particular. Scientists who have a knack and potential to excel in their specialty help in resolving the needs of people, and as such, have a distinct and vast horizon of thinking. They ponder over debatable theories, concepts, propositions, and hypotheses and are determined to find acceptable and plausible solutions to the thorny and difficult questions. Thus, dignity and grandeur totally depend on creative, innovative, and ethical standards, which are invariably found in dedicated researchers, artists, writers, scientists, and thinkers...

Inhalers are one of the most important medicines in respiratory illness. According to the studies, most of the patients could not handle them correctly; hence, the current study designed to determine what factors are effective on correct handle of inhalers.During April to September 2011, all of the male COPD patients who were admitted to the internal medicine ward of an academic hospital have been selected sequentially. The inclusion criteria were age over 18 and independent use of spray. Inhaler handling was observed and assessed by the pre-defined checklist. Using SPSS Ver.13, the data were analyzed by the descriptive, and analytical statistical methods like ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression.The analysis showed that only 13% (n=15) of all of 116 participants used their inhalers completely correct. The studied factors of age (p<.05, r=.47), education (p<.05, r=.53) and history of inhaler usage (p<.05, r=.52) were only able to explain 8, 12 and 16 percent of correct handling of inhaler variances, respectively.It seems that correct training of the patients who use inhalers, is vital in every medical and/or health system. Based on the findings, it would be wise to teach and train the inhaler users, according to their backgrounds like age, education and history of the inhaler usage.

Text correction is one of the most difficult and delicate areas of research in the Persian language and literature. In the field of Shahnameh, since the first correction of Lamzend's incomplete correction, there have been many useful efforts. Undoubtedly, one of the best efforts in this field is Khaleghi Motlagh’ s work. This work is greatly used as a guide for those who are researching and working on text correction. In this correction, despite some merits, there are also such weaknesses as fully relying on Florence's version, neglecting some of the mistakes, misunderstanding the meanings of the verses, and ignoring the narrative context of the story by the wrong choice. The sample of the weaknesses in the story of Rostam and Sohrab has been examined and corrected by mentioning the reasons and examining other works and publications. In this research, it became clear that the old versions and the majority of editions can not be completely relied on, and sometimes a new version can solve text problems.