Consumption that is focused on physical appearance in contemporary societies have caused some new demeanor like having plastic surgeries and have become prevalent and well-known among people. This research attempts to investigate the widespread plastic surgeries that have become an indictor of consumption trends. As very little has been done to explore this subject and the massive occurrence of these surgeries in Iran, this study has been conducted to identify plastic surgeries done in the city of Esfahan and the sociological factors affecting these occurrences. Attempts were made to link concepts such as body, beauty, consumption, lifestyle, social class and parts operated as symbols and indicators to be questioned.140 people with no deficiency or medical problem were asked to have a plastic surgery within the two-month period of the research. Questionnaires were answered by the participants for the collection of data and information.The research findings revealed that the majority of people taking the surgery were unmarried women who belonged to middle and low classes having higher physical management capabilities. According to the research conductor and results, it could be said that: First, plastic surgery as a dignifying act is not only confined to just the upper social classes but also has become widespread among lower social strata. Second, the fact that the majority of plastic surgery applicants are among lower classes of the society indicates the significance of beauty in obtaining better social conditions and gaining more respect in the society.Third, conducts related to physical beauty and attraction as part of a lifestyle may cause distinction among people who belong to the same social class.

One of the important issuesregardingchildren and adolescents literature ofHoly Defense is how to define war and the related details and concepts for children. Employing symbols and motifs is the most artistic technique to represent the concepts related to holy defense in children and adolescents literature. The proper use of symbols and familiar motifs in children’s worlddevelops the interpretive domain of the stories through establishing a conceptual relation between words and reality; it also familiarizes the reader with actions involved in war and conveys the culture of war and its hidden beliefs through spreading meaning throughout the structural axis of stories.The present study is an attempt to indicate how symbolic elementsare employed in Holy Defense children and adolescents stories.

The complex political and social conditions of contemporary era and the emergence of the contradictions of society in some Arab countries, along with the artistic motivations, makes the poet call the traditional symbolic treasures to express his inner thoughts, giving authenticity to his work and creating ambiguity of art. Furthermore, the excessive call of certain heritage symbols and the use of similar implications in contemporary poetry have sometimes caused symbolic implications to be so tangible to the reader that the poem gets a tone of address and report. In this regard, the use of metamorphosis of symbols is a method of novelty and personification of lexical elements and implications of the symbols that the mighty and conscious poet used to invertand negative rendering of the well-known implications of symbol and they are changed in such a way that the symbol takes new implications contrary to theoriginal state. In general, the metamorphose in the concept of symbols represent the essence of the poet mind. Nazzᾱ r Qabᾱ ni is of those poets who call for ancient treasures and some natural elements in order to create artistic ambiguity and dynamic images and also to illustrate the contradictions of contemporary Arab society with their past, and recreates ancient symbols through inverting and negative rendering of the implications. In this regard, the metamorphosis of symbols is considered as one of the most important sources of political poetry of Nazzᾱ r Qabᾱ ni. The present research, using descriptive-analytical method, attempts to evaluate the range of metamorphoses of symbols in political poems of the poet and reveal his implicit implications of his ballades. The results show that the metamorphosis of symbolic implication of faces and natural elements associated with the concepts of heroism and courage in the poetry of Qabani has a special place compared to other samples.

Two types of symbol can be seen in Aminpour’s poetry: common symbols used in the Persian literature in general and the symbols the poet himself made and introduced to the Persian poetry. Though innovative, we should remember that it is the nature, and his religious beliefs that feed them. Studying the symbols in Aminpour’s works we concluded the following:1- Source of most symbols is religion.2- The poem collection of “Breathing of the Morning” bears more symbols.3- The words tulip; yellow, red, green, unripe, and … are of symbolic meanings in his poems.

This article is about the comparative s tudy of symbol in architecture and contemporary Seljuk tombs in Iran. Art is one of the arts associated with various sciences and science concepts, and various features of footprints can be seen. The signs and symbols of architectural buildings and monuments can be helpful. especially for the beauty of motifs and composition, and roles and indications sugges t deep thinking and high precision. For example, some architectonic art harmony such as symmetry, proportionality, balance, balance, matching, agreement, similarity, consis tency, alignment, and equality are noted. The main ques tion is whether there are similarities and differences between the use of the symbol and sign in the works of the monuments of the two periods of Seljuk and contemporary Iran? The aim of s tudy is to s tudy the architectural monuments of two architectural periods in Iran, with reference to types of signs and symbols of presenting the classification of the places of application of symbols and signs in architectural works. The methodology of this research is based on library s tudies and exis ting documents, and the gathering of data and deductions from the issues raised in relation to various types of symbols and signs, its application in the contemporary Seljuk and contemporary Iranian architecture, and research on similar examples. Finally, s tudying the research of other scholars, compares the architecture of the Seljuk and contemporary period of the Iranian monument with, the perspective of differences, similarities, the use of symbols and signs in the context of architecture.

The Arbaeen March is a gathering of millions of people in Iraq, and its population is growing every year. Different nationalities of different races and languages, including Shiites and Sunnis, and even followers of other religions are present at the ceremony. These people with different national, ethnic, individual and social identities with a cohesive and united way participate in this march. What reasons can unite this massive population of millions so that individuals, despite having different individual, national and social identities, all gather under one flag? Have the different dimensions of the Arbaeen walk led to the formation of a collective identity among the marchers? To answer these questions, we did a quantitative research. The survey included 424 randomly selected participants from the event, including Iranians, Iraqis and people from other countries. The findings the Arbaeen March, as a phenomenon derived from the Shiite religion, has a political function as well as a religious manifestation, as the results show, between the political and international dimensions. Arbaeen March and the formation of collective identity There is a significant relationship between the marchers and more than 80% of the respondents believe in the collective identity formed in Arbaeen more than their individual and national identity and consider the march as a factor of unity and convergence of Muslims. . The absence of differences between the rich and the poor, race and nationality, solidarity, unity and Islamic awakening, and being under the banner of Husseini are characteristics of this collective identity.

Palestinian resistance poet, Mahmoud Darwish, makes the most use of symbol in his poetry. One reason for the use of symbol by a poet is the social, political, and military conditions of the society in which he writes as a reformer.Seyed Ali MousaviGarmaroudi, the Persian resistance poet uses symbols as well. symbols in both collection of poems, i.e. "Under the Siege", and "Purple Dream", could be categorized into both positive and negative, with the difference that Darwish uses more meaningful and deeper ones. The audience has to go beyond surface meaning to recognize the true meaning; Garmaroudi's symbols, however, are parts (white and black) split, except that the symbols in the poetry of Mahmoud Darwish, have depth and greater meaning. His only apparent meaning interpretation does not rely on the audience to get the real meaning of the symbols through more, but Garmaroudi symbols are superficial. A reason for this difference could be the extent to which a society is suppressed. Due to the intense dominance of the Zionists, Palestinian poets must be cautious. This caution is also seen in Garmaroudi's revolutionary poems, but not in his Holy Defense poems.Darwish and Garmatoudi have similarities and differences in their use of symbols related to nature, animals, birds, and religious and national myths. Darwish, for instance, uses symbols related to color, politics, and industry, while Garmaroudi uses symbols for people, places, and prophets.

Hazin Lahiji, the prominent Indian poet, has used poetry as an appropriate infrastructure for expressing his ascetic feelings (=Sufi feelings) and beliefs. One of the techniques of this mystical poet is the expression of purely mystical emotions in the form of symbolizing the personalities that are important in explaining his worldview. The symbolic motifs mentioned in Lahiji’ s poetry in this area are the symbolic character of Khezr which has various functions and sometimes contradictory functions due to its semantic flexibility or conceptual reciprocity. The basis of the authors in this article is a descriptive-analytical study of that part of Hazin Lahiji’ s pomes that transformed the character of Khezr and extended the meaning of this symbolic word to a variety of changes. The results of this research show that the symbolic uses of Khezr in Lahiji, though basically retain their religious nature, but when mixed with romantic thoughts, pass through the ends with the expected meanings, and reveal special effects of the symbolism in front of the eyes.

One of the dimensions of sustainable development at the capital market level is green accounting, which is the basis for evaluating the performance of companies to protect the environment. Green accounting involves processes ranging from identification to financial reporting and waste management, which can contribute to the effectiveness of companies' sustainable development strategies. The purpose of this research is Provide a Model for Interactive/Qualitative Analysis (IQA) of Green Accounting symbol Competitive Advantages. Therefore, in line with the research process, through content analysis in research texts, indicators related to competitive advantages of green accounting were identified by research experts and then based on link analysis, which included internal link analysis and relationships between links and systematic impact of links. An attempt was made to determine the most important element of communication between stimuli and competitive consequences of green accounting at the level of Tehran Stock Exchange companies. In this study, in order to determine the theoretical adequacy of the research, after identifying the competitive advantages resulting from green accounting, with the help of 15 accounting experts at the university level, an attempt was made to evaluate the identified indicators through Delphi analysis, which were evaluated in two stages through the mean, coefficient of agreement and standard deviation and among the first 20 indicators, three indicators were eliminated and 17 indicators entered the interactive analysis phase with the participation of 23 managers of Tehran Stock Exchange companies. at this stage, after analyzing the relationships between links and systemic effectiveness, they started with approved indicators, and the results in this section showed that the primary stimulus to achieve the most effective competitive outcome of green accounting is the company's performance standards towards the community; Strengthening the dimensions of the culture of accountability and adapting the company's capabilities to the standards of accounting and auditing today, based on which important consequences such as social responsibility; Provide agency costs and tax benefits and incentives for companies operating at a competitive level in the capital market.