Serial analysis of gene expression or sage is a powerful technique that can be used for global analysis of gene expression. The result of a sage experiment is reported as a sage library, which contains the counts of various short segments (tags) of the cDNA clones. Unlike many other techniques sage does not require prior knowledge of the genes of interest and provides qualitative and quantitative data of every transcribed sequence in a particular cell or tissue type. The sage method is based on the isolation of unique sequence tags from individual mRNAs and serial concatenation of tags into long DNA molecules for lump-sum sequencing. sage has been widely applied to analyzing gene expression in many biological and medical studies.Some variations of the original sage were derived to improve the utility of sage in certain conditions for example microsage, minisage, longsage, supersage, etc. In this review, we present an outline of the original method, the basic principle of sage, compare sage with microarray, some of the modified sage, discusses the advantages and limitations of sage as well as examples of applications.

Phytochemicals of some plants are suppressive to the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp. ). In this study, effects of aqueous extract or dry powder of several plants on the activity of M. incognita and M. javanica were investigated. Treatment of second stage juveniles (J2s) of the nematodes with aquatic extracts of 25 plant species under laboratory conditions showed that after 48 hours, extracts of eruca, ornamental chili pepper, tarragon, caster bean, sesame, thistle, chinaberry and dyer's croton caused more than 50% mortality of the J2s of both nematodes. In pasteurized soil, extracts of scarlet sage and safflower seed with 78. 9% and 46. 9% reduction of reproduction factors (RFs) of M. incognita and M. javanica, respectively, were the most effective plants in treatment of tomato plants (cv. Early Urbana) with 13 different plant extracts. In addition, eruca and creeping thistle extracts reduced RFs of both species. None of the treatments affected fresh and dry shoot weight of tomato. In field soil, extracts of eruca and caster bean with 57. 2% and 51. 0% reduction of RFs of M. incognita and M. javanica in tomato plants, respectively, were the most effective extracts among eruca, caster bean, tarragon and creeping thistle plants. All treatments significantly increased the fresh shoot weight of infected tomato. In pasteurized soil, scarlet sage powder with 70. 3% and creeping thistle with 49. 7% had the highest effect on RF reduction of M. incognita as compared to ornamental chili pepper, castor bean, chinaberry and safflower seed.

Introduction: Chickenpox is a contagious febrile illness with rash that is caused by varicella zoster virus. Most children up to age 15 are infected with the virus. scarlet fever is caused by erythrogenic toxin of streptococcus group A and usually causes skin reactions such as fine red and often itchy papules on the trunk and extremities as well as skin redness, especially on the groin and forearm.Case: Patient is a 3-year-old girl that two days after chickenpox while she had active lesions of the chickenpox, was infected with scarlet fever. Skin lesions at different stages along with the clinical symptoms confirmed the diagnosis of chickenpox.Chickenpox is a febrile illness, more contagious and associated with the rash, which rarely has been reported with scarlet fever.Macular lesions spreading all over the body especially the trunk, with strawberry red tongue and exudative lesions of tonsils with good response to penicillin confirmed the complication of scarlet fever following chickenpox. Rarely scarlet fever is a complication of chickenpox and symptoms of both conditions may be seen simultaneously. Considering that diagnosis of both diseases are based on clinical findings, so physicians should start the appropriate treatment if they have clinical suspicion.

Measurement of wave velocity in materials is very important .It has applications in ultrasonic thickness gauging as well as estimating the elastic constants of materials. The aim of the current paper is to improve the accuracy of wave velocity measurements by signal processing techniques. For this purpose, the sage algorithm, which is a model-based estimation technique, is implemented. Using sage, the overlapping echoes are separated and consequently the time-delay between these echoes is estimated more accurately. The signal processing scheme reduces the adverse effects of noise too. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, an AISI 4140 steel block with four steps of thicknesses 10, 15, 20, and 25 mm was tested by the immersion ultrasonic testing technique. The time-delay between echoes obtained from each step was measured fifty times and by averaging these measurements, the actual time-delay and its uncertainty were estimated. The thickness of the block at each step was also measured by a micrometer. Using the time-delay and thickness data, the wave velocity and its uncertainty were estimated for each of the four thicknesses. The results show that this technique can reduce the uncertainty of wave velocity measurements significantly.

Introduction: The light is not only a photosynthesis energy source but also is a plant growth and development stimulation from germination to flower initiation process. The light quality plays an important role in all steps of growth process particularly in photosynthesis and morphological properties of plant species. Studies have reported that, LEDs present the maximum PAR efficiency among artificial lighting systems. LED lamps contribute to energy saving by 75 and 30 percent as compared to incandescent light bulbs and fluorescent lamps, respectively. LEDs emit blue, red, orange, yellow, green, red, and infrared light and can be used as a hybrid spectrum. For these reasons, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of quality of LED light on morphological and physiological characteristics of Solenostemon and petunia. Materials and Methods: Research experiments were conducted on Solenostemon escutellariodes ‘ Wizard scarlet’ and Petunia × hybrida ‘ scarlet Eye’ in a completely randomized design with three treatments of different light quality and 10 replications. The seeds were planted in 105-cell seedling trays and in a mixture of 70% peat moss and 30% perlite. Seedlings were grown in natural greenhouse (control) and LED (50% blue + 50% red and 100% white light). The light intensity was 60 ± 5 μ mol. m-2. s-1 for LEDs and the daily greenhouse cavity was 5 ± 14 μ mol. m-2. d-1. Since the main goal of the study was to compare the effect of LED light quality with sunlight in conventional greenhouse conditions. The LED treatments were applied from the germination until seedling production stage in a growth chamber with the light/dark regime of 18/6 hours, 23± 1° C temperature, and 50± 5% relative humidity. While, their tray in the greenhouse with 55± 5 mol. m-2. d-1 DLI, 21± 5° C average daily temperature and 50± 5% relative humidity (Data logger 8808 temp. + RH) were regarded as the control treatment. After eight weeks, the morphological and physiological traits were recorded. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed with SAS (9. 4) software package, and the means were compared by LSD test at p < 0. 05 level. Results and Discussion: At the end of study, some morphological and physiological traits were evaluated. The results showed that the leaf area average (3. 63 cm2), height (5. 04 cm), internode length (18. 62 mm), stem diameter (2. 52 mm), shoot fresh weight (1. 74 g) and chlorophyll fluorescence (0. 83) of Solenostemon seedlings in 100% white light were more than 50% blue + 50% light green and greenhouse light. Also, the highest leaf area temperature (27. 4 ° C), total chlorophyll (0. 8 mg g-1 fw) and carotenoids (2. 229 mg g-1 fw) were related to control treatment and the highest number of leaves (21), shoot dry weight (0. 165 g), fresh (1. 65 g) and root dry weight (0. 114 g) were observed in 50% blue + 50% red light composition. According to the results of petunia, white LED light increased leaf area (1. 74 cm2), shoot fresh weight (0. 51 g) and root dry weight (0. 03 g). The leaf surface temperature (26 oC) and total chlorophyll content (1. 44 mg g-1 fw) in the control group were higher than the other treatments, and the carotenoids content (3. 12 mg g-1 fw) was obtained in 50% red + 50% blue LED. The leaf surface temperature and total chlorophyll content in greenhouse light were higher than other treatments and the highest carotenoids (3. 119 mg / g) were obtained from 50% red + 50% blue LED. Conclusion: Light quality has a great impact on the growth and development of plants and is a powerful tool for controlling various processes. The results showed that different light sources with different qualities had different effects on different plant species and that LEDs could replace natural light in growing chambers and in areas where light was insufficient. Due to the increased quality and reduced transplant losses in the transplant phase and their low utilization, they are justified in terms of production costs. It should be noted that in addition to light; temperature, humidity and other environmental factors are also effective in transplant production. Based on the measured indices in Solenostemon, it can be concluded that the red + blue LED light transplanting stage is superior to other treatments. In petunia, white LED treatment caused the highest shoot and fresh and dry weights of roots and leaves respectively. Like Solenostemon, the highest chlorophyll and leaf surface temperatures were related to the control treatment and was superior to the petunia transplant in terms of the sum of measured indices of white light treatment.

Tanab Keshi, written by Majid Gheisari, is a realistic novel about the Holy Defense. This novel depicts the living conditions of a traumatized Iraqi family of a Persian origin, away from the Iran-Iraq war. Drawing on Barthes’ theory of intertextuality, Erving Goffman’s theory of stigma, and Adler’s notion of inferiority complex, this article identifies the remedy proposed in the novel to save the blemished identity of a traumatized character. This study indicates that the novel has an intertextual relation with three other texts: Quran, Hawthorne’s scarlet Letter, and Mawlana’s Mathnavi. Ethnic-religious stigma that involves other family members is a sign of the psychological and cultural problems of an autocratic society. One of the consequences of this kind of stigma for family members is the disappointment about being shunned by the society. Other consequences of stigma are the feeling of having an ominous destiny, insecurity, and also being stranded in perilous mental obsessions such as inferiority complex which has plagued Fares (the narrator) and forced him to a defensive, revengeful life.

Herbal medicines include a range of pharmacologically active compounds: in some cases it is not well understood which ingredients are important for a therapeutic effect. The supporters of herbal medicine believe that isolated ingredients in the majority of cases have weaker clinical effects than whole plant extract, a claim that would obviously require proof in each case. Generalizations about the efficacy of herbal medicines are clearly not possible. Each one needs systematic research including a variety of animal studies and also randomized clinical trials. In this review we focus on Passiflora incarnata and Salvia officinalis.

Enki/Ea, the God of wisdom and deep had a prominent role in incantations and healing rituals. He was the creature of apkallus (the seven sages). These seven sages were distributing the wisdom and power of Enki/Ea among people. Oannes (Adapa) was one of the apkallus who was a hybrid of gish-man with the Enki/Ea ‘, s power in healing and wisdom. Hence, the Mesopotamian priests who imitated Oannes and resorted to him, dressed in the bodies of fish hanging from their back, complete with caudal and dorsal fines, presented over the patients’,beds for healing rituals. Sometimes, induction of emesis, enema, and fumigation were also used by them. The presence of the fish-man hybrid of Oannes (Adapa), as one of the seven sages in the carving of Kourosh’, s palace in Pasargad indicates a powerful influence of the Mesopotamian medicine on Achaemenid Empire.

It seems that characteristics of utopias have been inscribed in the most ancient Iranian myths on the one hand, and drawn in Shanameh book by Toos sage (Ferdowsi) on the other hand. Apparently, theme and pattern of utopia were included in Var Jam Kard (a garden built by King Jamshid) at first place that is the most ancient one of such towns and according to Vandidad (Chapter of Avesta), it was constructed by king Jamshid in order to take care of a type of Ahuraic beings at this place. Ethernity is one of the characteristics of this Var (or bulwark) and rather than it, no sign of coldness, warmth, darkness, illness and mortality could be seen there. An example of this type is a construction that has been built by Izad Mehr (God of Light) over the top of Hara (Alborz) a legendary mount based on Mehr-Yasht (10th chapter of Avesta) where there was no sign of coldness, warmth, darkness, illness and mortality.From author’s view, by representation of Kang Dej (Zahak’s castle) as celestial type of ethernal utopia, Toos sage has also looked at its ancient patterns. For this reason, he depicts it as:I) it is alarge city including beautiful gardens and buildings;II) It has a temperate climate where there is no room for heat and coldness.III) Its water is salubrious where there is no sign of illness and mortality.Writing of the paper was intended to compare kang Dej as ethernal town of Shahnameh with mythical samples in ancient texts thereby a beam of light to be cast on origin of Toos sage’s toughts.

The standard-bearer of the illumination school of thought, Sohravardi, through his approach to light which is a peaceful sanctuary for man's soul, tried to reform and revive a school of thought that offers a wayfaring mode through which human beings can achieve true knowledge and illumination, that is, their true identity through reasoning, inner contemplation and care. This theosophy - in which verve and witness accompany reason and go beyond it - becomes the manifestation of knowledge in man's soul, dissociating him from himself and connecting him to God. In this approach, the true sage and theosophist is the one who is competent to lead the society and can lead human beings towards true felicity by establishing a utopia. The essence of this theosophy was created by the Persian theosophists and sages, while Plato and others followed it. Hence, this theosophy that was revived by Sohravardi is first and foremost Persian (Iranian) in nature, but it is compatible with the Quranic revelation and Mohammaden thought, for it is in the search of establishment of justice, felicity and virtue. The division offered by Sohravardi, that is, East (the heavenly and illuminated world) and West (the dark realm of this world) is not a geographical division, rather it is based on right and wrong, light and darkness and justice and injustice, which has been manifested in the East more than in any other place.