The commutator theory, developed by Fresee and McKenzie in the framework of a congruence-modular variety $\mathcal{V}$, allows us to define the prime congruences of any algebra $A\in \mathcal{V}$ and the prime spectrum $Spec(A)$ of $A$. The first systematic study of this spectrum can be found in a paper by Agliano, published in Universal Algebra (1993).The reticulation of an algebra $A\in \mathcal{V}$ is a bounded distributive algebra $L(A)$, whose prime spectrum (endowed with the Stone topology) is homeomorphic to $Spec(A)$ (endowed with the topology defined by Agliano). In a recent paper, C. Mure\c{s}an and the author defined the reticulation for the algebras $A$ in a semidegenerate congruence-modular variety $\mathcal{V}$, satisfying the hypothesis $(H)$: the set $K(A)$ of compact congruences of $A$ is closed under commutators. This theory does not cover the Belluce reticulation for non-commutative rings. In this paper we shall introduce the quasi-commutative algebras in a semidegenerate congruence-modular variety $\mathcal{V}$ as a generalization of the Belluce quasi-commutative rings. We define and study a notion of reticulation for the quasi-commutative algebras such that the Belluce reticulation for the quasi-commutative rings can be obtained as a particular case. We prove a characterization theorem for the quasi-commutative algebras and some transfer properties by means of the reticulation.

Background: Lung cancer has wide variety of clinical presentations and different imaging features relating its subtypes. This study is focused on the role of CT scan in differentiating primary lung cancer subtypes including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study is conducted on 55 pathologically diagnosed primary lung cancer patients. Several CT features including lung mass and pleural effusion and parenchymal nodule characteristics, mediastinal and hilar involvement, pericardial effusion and thickening, chest wall invasion, reticulation, superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome and encasement of main bronchus were checked.Results: We enrolled 55 primary lung cancer patients including 29 adenocarcinomas, 19 squamous cell carcinomas and 7 small cell carcinomas, 36 males and 19 females with mean age of 60.3 years. Most common CT features of primary lung cancer were lung mass (94.5%) particularly located in hilum (51.9%) and irregular bordered (55.8%). Other prevalent findings included parenchymal nodules (60%), pleural effusion (41.8%), mediastinal adenopathy (47.3%), hilar adenopathy (42.9%), mediastinal invasion (43.6%) and reticulation (56.4%). Hilar adenopathy (47.4%), reticulation (48.3%) and parenchymal nodule (62.1%) in adenocarcinoma; hilar mass (57.9%) and parenchymal nodule (68.4%) in squamouos cell carcinoma; hilar and mediastinal involvement in small cell carcinoma were the most frequent findings.Conclusion: Comparing three subtypes, we found squamous cell and adenocarcinoma more similar regarding CT images parenchymal nodules, mass calcification and cavitation were more frequently seen in them compared to small cell lung cancer whereas hilar involvement, mediastinal involvement, irregular bordered mass and encasement of main bronchus were more prevalent in small cell carcinoma.

In this paper, we introduce the notions of Belluce lattice associated with a bounded BCK-algebra and reticulation of a bounded BCK-algebra. To do this,  rst, we de ne the operations f; g and t on BCK-algebras and we study some algebraic properties of them. Also, for a bounded BCK-algebra A we de ne the Zariski topology on Spec(A) and the induced topology  A; Max(A) on Max(A). We prove (Max(A);  A; Max(A)) is a compact topological space if A has Glivenko property. Using the open and the closed sets of Max(A), we de ne a congruence relation on a bounded BCK-algebra A and we show LA, the quotient set, is a bounded distributive lattice. We call this lattice the Belluce lattice associated with A: Finally, we show (LA; pA) is a reticulation of A (in the sense of De nition 5. 1) and the lattices LA and SA are isomorphic.

The aim of this paper is to define an abstract quantale framework for extending some properties of the zip rings (studied by Faith, Zelmanowitz, etc.) and the weak zip rings (defined by Ouyang). By taking as prototype the quantale of ideals of a zip ring (resp. a weak zip ring) we introduce the notion of zipped quantale (resp. weakly zipped quantale). The zipped quantales also generalize the zipped frames, defined by Dube and Blose in a recent paper. We define the zip (bounded distributive) lattices and we prove that a coherent quantale A is weakly zipped iff the reticulation L(A) of A is a zip lattice. From this result we obtain the following corollary: the coherent quantale A is weakly zipped iff the frame R(A) of the radical elements of A is zipped. Such theorems allow us to extend to quantale framework a lot of results obtained by Dube and Blose for the zipped frames and for the weak zip rings.

The Lifting Idempotent Property (LIP) of ideals in commutative rings inspired the study of Boolean lifting properties in the context of other concrete algebraic structures (MV-algebras, commutative ℓ-groups, BL-algebras, bounded distributive lattices, residuated lattices, etc. ), as well as for some types of universal algebras (C. Muresan and the author defined and studied the Congruence Boolean Lifting Property (CBLP) for congruence modular algebras). A lifting ideal of a ring R is an ideal of R fulfilling LIP. In a recent paper, Tarizadeh and Sharma obtained new results on lifting ideals in commutative rings. The aim of this paper is to extend an important part of their results to congruence with CBLP in semidegenerate congruence modular algebras. The reticulation of such algebra will play an important role in our investigations (recall that the reticulation of a congruence modular algebra A is a bounded distributive lattice L(A) whose prime spectrum is homeomorphic with Agliano’ s prime spectrum of A). Almost all results regarding CBLP are obtained in the setting of semidegenerate congruence modular algebras having the property that the reticulations preserve the Boolean center. The paper contains several properties of congruences with CBLP. Among the results we mention a characterization theorem of congruence with CBLP. We achieve various conditions that ensure CBLP. Our results can be applied to a lot of types of concrete structures: commutative rings, ℓ-groups, distributive lattices, MV-algebras, BL-algebras, residuated lattices, etc.

Iran ranks the third one in the world for the production of almond and over 30 Amygdalus (Prunus) species, subspecies or ecotypes have been identified in the country. Among the wild almond species, P. scoparia is used as the rootstock for almond in southwest of Iran. This species provides a gene pool of valuable characteristics for breeding and improvement of the cultivated almond. The present study considers genetic diversity analysis of three P. scoparia populations by using ISSR markers. We tried to show genetic divergence versus admixture of these populations. ISSR loci showed 50% polymorphism among 38 wild almond trees studied. The highest values for the genetic diversity, shannon index and the percentage of polymorphism were observed in Deihook (Yazd) population. In cluster analysis, Deihook population stands much separated from the other two populations while, Rashm-Moalem (Semnan) and Fasa (Fars) populations showed a higher genetic exchange among their trees. AMOVA test showed great genetic differences among the studied populations. The Mantel test did not show an association between the genetic and geographic distances of the studied populations. This is possibly due to gene exchange among these populations which was also shown by reticulation and STRUCTURE analyses.

In this research, the relationship between financial behavior of managers based on cognitive psychology and disclosure quality of accounting information was investigated using structural equation approach and regression equations. For this purpose, an example of 128 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2007 and2017was selected. The financial behavior of managers based on cognitive psychology (in the model of hidden variable structural equations in the independent variable regression model) by observable variables of narrow-mindedness, opportunistic behavior and excessive confidence of managers, and the quality of disclosure of accounting information, also using accruals Each company was measured by the Tehran Stock Exchange and through the Company's reticulation notices regarding the quality of disclosure and appropriate information. After verifying the acceptable fit of the measurement and structural patterns of the research, the final model of the disclosure of accounting information was developed using the structural equation model and the stepwise analysis method. The validity of the proposed regression model was evaluated using paired t-test. The results indicate that financial behavior of cognitive psychological managers is effective on the quality of disclosure of accounting information.

This work is aimed to evaluate the role of nanoclay in the protective performance of an eco-friendly silane sol-gel layer applied on mild steel substrate in 0.1M sodium chloride solution. At the first step, the effect of pH of the silane solution, consisting of a mixture of g-glycidoxypropiltrimethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane, on the coating performance was evaluated through electrochemical noise measurements. The values of characteristic charge as a parameter extracted from shot noise theory revealed that the sol pH determining the rate of hydrolysis can play an important role in the corrosion protection behavior of silane coatings. Then, the influence of clay nanoparticles on the corrosion protective performance of the hybrid silane film was studied through taking advantage of electrochemical techniques, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization curves, as well as surface analysis methods. The obtained electrochemical data including the values of charge transfer resistance, coating resistance, low frequency impedance and corrosion current density showed that the silane sol gel film in the presence of clay nanoparticles can present an improved corrosion protection. The behavior was connected to an enhancement in the coating barrier properties. Moreover, FESEM and water contact angle confirmed the higher reticulation in case of the coating incorporating nanoclay.

Background: Disseminated bacilli calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection after inoculation with live vaccine is considered to result from impaired immunity of the child. However, half of the cases are regarded as idiopathic because no well-defined immunodeficiency condition can account for the infection.Case report: An 8-month-old male infant was admitted with an ulcer on his left arm at the site of a BCG inoculation received five months previously. He also had a fever, productive cough and respiratory distress for two weeks prior to admission and the patient received a broad–spectrum antibiotic without any response. A clinical examination revealed a 3×3 cm mass in the upper, left quadrant of the patient’s chest. A chest X-ray showed widespread reticulation and corrosion on the seventh rib. The patient died from cardiopulmonary arrest 12 days post admission. In the autopsy of the patient, samples taken from several organs of he body showed a collection of acid–fast bacilli and a spread of tuberculosis infection (BCGosis). Conclusions: Although the BCG vaccine has been in use since 1921 and its protective effect for disseminated, meningial and pulmonary tuberculosis is clear, controversy continues around its use. The most serious complication of BCG vaccine is a disseminated BCG infection that may lead to death.

Achieving survivability and improving the quality of life in rural areas depends on the implementation of development programs that focus on indigenous and environmental abilities to turn rural environments into an attractive and desirable environment for the sake of rural excellence. the present study examines the effects of creating borderline markets as economic entities established to exploit the potential of trade in borderline regions on improving the level of livability potentials of rural border areas of Khavemyrabad and Dezli districts. This descriptive-analytic study compares the situation of livability of rural areas in two periods before and after the establishment of borderline markets. By collecting information from documentary and field documents based on interviews, observing and distributing questionnaires among 260 households in sample rural villages and the analysis of these data by inferential statistics (T-test, path analysis, Friedman reticulation, independent t-test), concluded that the established borderline markets have improved the level of livability of the studied villages. In addition, among the quadruple dimensions of livability (economic, social, physical and environmental), the economic dimension has had the greatest impact on increasing the livability space of the villages. Also, the index of improving the status of rural housing, the value of rural lands and increasing rural incomes along with the physical dimension of rural livelihoods, have the most impact and improve the situation, following the establishment of borderline markets and local people's activities.