CROSSLINKED DE TRAN MICROSPHERES (CDMS) WERE PREPARED BY CROSSLINKING OF THE P LYMER DISSOLVED IN INTERNAL PHASE OF AN INVERSE SUSPENSION SYSTEM USING EPICHLOROHYDRIN (ECH). TRACING particle size AND particle size DISTRIBUTION (PSD) OF CDMS DURING THE FABRICATION PROCESS IS IMPORTANT DUE TO THEIR DETERMINANT EFFECT ON DYNAMIC SWELLING PROPERTIES OF THE RESULTING particleS AS IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS FFECTING THEIR APPLICATION AS HEMOSTATIC AGENTS. TO THIS END, MAKING THE FABRICATION PROCESS CONTROLLABLE TO OBTAIN MICROSPHERES OF TUNABLE MEAN particle size AND PSD WAS THE MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY. ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS, FOUR CHARACTERISTIC INTERVALS IN THE EVOLUTION OF particle size WERE IDENTIFIED AS TRANSITION, QUASI-STEADY-STATE, GROWTH, AND IDENTIFICATION STAGES LIKE ANY TYPICAL SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION. IN TRANSITION STAGE, PSD NARROWED DRAMATICALLY AND DROPLET size DECREASED EXPONENTIALLY DUE TO HIGHER RATE OF DROPLET BREAK-UP IN COMPARISON TO THE DROPLET COALESCENCE UNTIL A STEADY STATE WAS REACHED. THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE GROWTH STAGE ARE EXPLAINED IN TERMS OF THE OVERALL RATES OF DROPLET BREAK-UP AND COALESCENCE IN THE COURSE OF POLYMERIZATION REACTION. THE GROWTH STAGE OCCURS IF DROPLETS ARE NOT SUFFICIENTLY STABLE AGAINST BOTH BREAK-UP AND COALESCENCE. THE ONSET OF THE GROWTH STAGE IS ADVANCED WITH A DECREASE IN THE RATE OF DROPLET BREAK-UP.

METAL NANOparticleS HAVE MUCH ATTENTION IN THE FIELDS OF PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, ELECTRONICS AND BIOLOGY BECAUSE OF THEIR UNIQUE ELECTRICAL CHEMICAL, OPTICAL, AND PHOTO-ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, WHICH ARE STRONGLY DEPENDENT ON THE size AND SHAPES OF METAL NANOparticleS [1,2].IT IS KNOWN THAT THE MAGNETIZATION BEHAVIOR OF A MAGNETIC MATERIAL IS HIGHLY size DEPENDENT. DESPITE THE ENDLESS NUMBER OF REPORTS ON MAGNETIC STUDIES OF MAGNETIC NANOparticleS THE INFLUENCE OF particle size ON THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES HAS NOT BEEN SYSTEMATICALLY STUDIED [3]. THE METALLIC NICKEL NANOparticleS SHOW MAGNETIC PARAMETERS SUCH AS SATURATION MAGNETIZATION AND COERCIVITY THAT VARY WITH particle size, USUALLY IN A NON-LINEAR FASHION [4]. IT IS ENVISAGED THAT THE APPLICATION OF NI NANOparticleS CAN BE EXPANDED ONCE THE INTRIGUE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND particle size OF NI CAN BE DELINEATED. THE LARGE MAGNETIC particle CONTAINS MOBILE WALLS WHEN THE size OF THE particle DECREASES BELOW A CRITICAL size, THE DOMAIN WALLS DISAPPEARS AND THE particleS BECOME SINGLE DOMAIN. MAGNETIC particleS IN THE NANOMETER-size RANGE ARE NECESSARILY SINGLE-MAGNETIC-DOMAIN STRUCTURES. THE CRITICAL size DEPENDS ON THE SATURATED MAGNETIZATION, ANISOTROPY ENERGY AND EXCHANGE INTERACTION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL SPIN [5]. IT IS ESTIMATED THAT THE CRITICAL size BELOW WHICH A SPHERICAL particle EXISTS AS A SINGLE-MAGNETIC DOMAIN IN THIS PROCEDURE, NICKEL NANOparticleS WERE PREPARED FROM NICKEL AZIDE COMPLEXES IN SOLID STATE BY INTRAMOLECULAR OXIDATION AND REDUCTION REACTION IN PRESENCE OF APPROPRIATE BASES. THE COERCIVITY OF METALLIC NICKEL SAMPLES ARE FOUND TO BE 162.46, 146.22 AND 154.34 OE FOR NI1-NI3 RESPECTIVELY. THUS ESTIMATED SINGLE DOMAINS ARE 17.27, 16.08 AND 18.08 FOR NI1-NI3 RESPECTIVELY. THE COERCIVITY OF FERROMAGNETIC NANOparticleS IS DEPENDENT ON particle size. AS THE particle size INCREASES THE COERCIVITY INCREASES INITIALLY AND THEN DECREASES AFTER SOME CRITICAL particle size. THIS MEANS THAT COERCIVITY OF NICKEL particle HAS A PEAK AROUND THIS CRITICAL size WHERE THE particleS UNDERGO TRANSITION FROM SINGLE-DOMAIN TO THE MULTIDOMAIN NATURE. THEN particle size IS CALCULATED BY USING OF SATURATION MAGNETIZATION. WHEREAS MAGNETIZATION OF METALLIC NICKEL SAMPLES ARE FOUNDED 41.97, 40.40 AND 47.43 EMU/G FOR NI1-NI3 RESPECTIVELY. ALL NICKEL NANOparticleS HAVE particle size DISTRIBUTION RANGING FROM 15.32, 16.53 AND12.00 NM. THE NICKEL NANOparticleS WERE CHARACTERIZED USING XRD, SEM, VSM ANALYSES.

CHITOSAN IS A NATURAL BIO POLYMER WHICH IS INCREASINGLY USED IN MEDICAL APPLICATIONS SUCH AS DRUG DELIVERY, WOUND HEALING, INSULIN CAPSULATION; ETC. ALSO ITS LOW COST, BIODEGRADABILITY AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES MAKE IT A REMARKABLE BIOCHEMICAL AGENT. CHITOSAN IS USED IN OTHER FIELD LIKE FOOD INDUSTRY, WATER FILTRATION; ETC.CHITOSAN NANO particleS HAVE MORE BONDING CAPACITY DUE TO ITS MORE CONTACT SURFACE WHICH IS SO EFFICIENT IN MEDICINE AND CAPSULING APPLICATIONS. IN PRESENT WORK CHITOSAN NANO size particleS WERE PRODUCED BY IONIC GELATION METHOD, USING TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE AS A CROSSLINKING AGENT. THIS METHOD WILL INCREASE CHEMICAL STABILITY OF CHITOSAN NANO particleS IN ACIDIC AND BASIC SOLUTION, IN COMPARISON WITH RAW CHITOSAN. IN THIS STUDY FOR OPTIMIZING CHITOSAN NANO particleS size, THE PARAMETERS WHICH AFFECT CHITOSAN NANO particle size LIKE CONCENTRATION OF TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE, CL- AND ACETIC ACID USED FOR DISSOLVING CHITOSAN WAS INVESTIGATED.size OF CHITOSAN NANO particleS WAS OBTAINED USING particle size ANALYZER (PSA).BY OPTIMIZING EXPERIMENT EFFECTIVE PARAMETERS, IN THE OPTIMUM EXPERIMENTAL CONDITION, particleS WITH MEAN size OF 47.7 NM WERE OBTAINED. ALSO SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE WAS USED TO STUDY THE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF CHITOSAN NANO particleS. POROUS SURFACE OF NANO particleS WAS CONFIRMED BY SEM RESULTS. IN ADDITION FTIR TEST WAS USED TO CONFIRM THE CROSSLINKING OF PHOSPHATE AGENT AND AMIN GROUPS OF CHITOSAN.