Premature menopause can occur in women living with human HIV. In this study, we analyzed and reviewed published literature using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases since the year 1990 using a combination of MeSH terms such as “ Early, ” “ Premature, ” “ menopause, ” “ HIV, ” and “ Hormones. ” Monitoring and implementation of targeted interventions for premature or early menopause among HIV‑ infected women might prevent or delay complications such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health issues.

BACKGROUND: Relationship between premature menopause and presence, severity and life-threatening events of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been suggested in recent observations. The present study tried to assess relationship between age of menopause and severity of CAD in a sample of women with suspected CAD.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we included 189 consecutive women with suspected CAD that were candidate for coronary angiography and admitted to the Shafa hospital in Kerman city. Our final population for analysis included women who underwent natural menopause (n=148) or premature menopause (n=41). CAD severity was classified according to the number of coronary artery stenosis ³ 50% in coronary angiography.RESULTS: Among 189 study patients with suspected CAD, 22.0% of those with early menopause and 23.6% of those with normal menopause suffered three coronary vessels involvement, while normal angiography features was shown in 39.0% and 40.5%, respectively. Regarding severity of CAD and left main lesions, no significant differences were found between the patients with and without premature menopause. According to the multivariable logistic regression model and with the presence of other patients' variables as cofounders, age of menopause could not predict the presence and severity of CAD in patients with suspected CAD. However, patients' age (OR: 1.11, p<0.001) and family history of CAD (OR: 2.05, p=0.04) were main predictors of the severity of CAD in these patients.CONCLUSIONS: Premature menopause does not predict occurrence or severity of CAD in women with suspected CAD, but women age and their family history of CAD are main predictors of the severity of CAD.

The mean age at natural menopause and its determinants among Shirazi women (southern Iran) was calculated. The data were obtained from a population- based cross-sectional study carried out in the year 2000. Interviews were carried out and observations made on 948 women who had incurred natural menopause. They were randomly chosen using postal zones housing sample framework of Shiraz. Mean±SD age at menopause in the studied group was 48.3±5.3 (95% CI: 48.0-48.6) years with a median of 49.0 years. Arm circumference, height, weight, BMI, place of birth, handedness, ancestry, family background, level of education, level of daily physical activities, smoking habit, history of abortion, age at first marriage, age at first full-term pregnancy, menstrual cycle interval/duration, age at menarche, dysmenorrhea, mid-cycle spotting, were rewrded. It was found that the number of pregnancies were not significantly related to age at menopause. Age at natural menopause significantly correlated with menstrual cessation pattern, age at last full-term pregnancy, consanguinity of marriage, place of birth, and use of hormones before menopause.