A study was conducted to determine the capabilities of the successive numerical landsat data for assessment and monitoring of land use. Kashan plain with 7230 km2 of area, which is located in an arid zone of the central part of IRAN, selected as the site of investigation. It seemed to be a region prone to desertification processes. Two sorts of landsat data: MSS (1976), TM (1998) and the supplementary information such as the soil and topography and land cover maps were collected.After preprocessing, the images were classified on the base of the field and subsidiary data. For Mss data, the Mss1, Mss2 and Mss3 were merged and showed the best correlation with field samples. In TM data, merging the TM3, Tm4 and Tm5 showed the best correlation. The classification performed by the minimum distance algorithm.Five land classes were distinguished with the overall precision of 65% and 75% for Mss and TM respectively. Detection of the changes between two maps showed a decrease of the area under range, bare and salt flats as much as 7.4%, 18.3% and 1.5% respectively, and an increase in cultivated and forest land use by the factor of 0.5% and 20.7% respectively. some referral to reliable documents determined the good agreement between the results and the real occurrence, except for the cultivated lands, that was significantly under estimated. It is concluded that thematic maps, which have released by image processing in a time series, could be compared and some general and useful results will be expected. Access to the same time field data of image acquisition time can promote the precision.

The rapid rate of development of cities has caused extensive changes in the land use pattern around cities, and these effects of city development and urbanization can be seen in developing countries as well as developed countries. In Iran, as a developing country, the growth rate has been very high, and following that, there have been extensive changes in the field of land changes. Change of users is inevitable but it can be managed. The process of land use changes and the recognition of the effective factors and its results can help to identify obstacles, problems, analyze and understand urban issues as best as possible and become a tool for managers and urban planners to predict the future growth and development of cities and be able to manage effectively and Look for opportunities for cities. One of the biggest and most challenging issues in recent years in Iran is the change of urban land use, which has many effects in cities, and if these changes are carried out in an uncontrolled and unsupervised manner, they will have irreparable effects. . The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of land use change on land use planning. Due to the spread of these changes, urban design and urban planning, using error tests and investigations, should always seek to adapt to the conditions that have arisen and are ahead, and they need changes and modernity of opinions in the previous standards. Therefore, he must always adapt to new conditions. It is for this reason that the discussion of flexible planning has been brought up and paid attention to in order to achieve better results than in the past. The most change of land use in cities is related to the change of use of agricultural lands and their conversion to urban uses, which causes more instability in cities, which is caused by the added value of the change of use in urban spaces. With control tools, mayors have a very effective role in preserving and maintaining existing natural lands, and by using their control tools, they can prevent land trading and changes in the use of natural lands to other uses.

Urbanization brings biophysical changes in the composition of the landscape. Such change has an impact on the thermal environment locally. The urban mosaic of land use and land cover is thus characteristically composed of local climate zones. The spatial variation in the land surface temperature across specific zone is studied for Bhopal city. The objective of the study was to understand how the surface temperature varies with the spatial characteristics of the landscape. The green spaces had the lowest surface temperature that reaches to about 30.5 oC in parks with dense tree cover and highest mean normalized difference vegetation index value of about 0.5. The surface temperature was 36.1 oC for built up/barren areas. The study documents the correlation that exists between surface vegetation and surface temperature across the landscape of Bhopal city. The extent of tree cover and land surface temperature exhibited a strong negative correlation. A decrease in vegetation cover and successive increase in urban built up area were found to be related with high surface temperature. This implies that land surface temperature is an effective tool and may help city planners to make appropriate strategies for improving the tree resources of the urban landscape.

Substantial population growth and urbanization arbitrarily banning the exploitation of natural resources and environmental factors adversely impacts the environment and resources necessary for nutrition and healthy life styles. The secret to success and survival of ecosystems depends on a stable, continuous monitoring of the environment. The SWOT model has been developed to consider all internal and external aspects. In this study, to analyze land use and cover changes in Taleghan, we have used SWOT as a qualitative approach to develop sustainable land management. Taleghan is a town in Alborz Province located within the Taleghan watershed. Referring to the SWOT analysis matrix sustainable tourism development was presented as the best strategy for SO, imposed regulations of soil and water pollution by the health centers as the best strategy for ST, avoidance of land use changes as the best strategy for WO, and finally the range management plan to reduce surface both runoff and soil erosion as the best strategy for WT. However, the proposed diagram of sustainability (IUCN) has two indicators, the ecosystem's quality and acceptance and lifestyle desirability which is based on the ecological features and indigenous areas rooted in public participation. Based on the above indicators, the presented solutions are more realistic which prevent disturbance to the ecosystem's natural balance which leads to sustainable development, notable in the marshes of Taleghan.

land use planning, is a scientific approach to understanding spatial and regional capabilities in the development of spatial abilities. In the postmodern era the development has multi-dimensional basis. The interaction of land preparation and spatial development will follow goal of geographical equity that through economic prosperity, social, cultural and political, is provided. Tourism is one of the multidimensional aspects of spatial development in a region. So in land preparation is one of the spatial that we can survey is tourism capability in each region that with it's identify and within the framework of sustainable provided a field for spatial development. land preparation in the field of tourism in each region study through the tourism development feasibility that by this way the capability of tourism development will be known. The research in land preparation framework analysis the capability of tourism development and study the province of Khorasan as the case based on the land preparation in the field of tourism.

Achieving the optimized pattern of urban life is the one of the urban planning goals. In this context, one of the main aspects in urban plans is the land use planning that is taking into account more than before, by decision takers and urban planners in recent years. In the land use planning all of the advantages and disadvantages of social, economical, environmental land aspects will be assess. Urban planners should consider the patterns and models of urban land use allocations to prepare the optimizing usage of urban lands.From 1960’s with the development of quantitative methods in urban and regional planning, application of land use allocation models were increased. These models were used by urban planners to manage land uses. Due to the complexity and variety of these models in recent years, many studies and researches in this field of land use modeling were accomplished.In this context, this article attempts to present methods and models which are used in urban land use change and land allocation. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal at first will be introduced briefly and three types of these models as a tool for better understanding of the process land use planning will be explained. These three types are: land use allocation model, Multi-objective optimization model, and land use allocation model in multi central areas.land use allocation is a dynamic and complex process that connects human and natural systems, and directly impacts on the all of the human activities. The most important model of this type is, Cellular Automata, optimization techniques, rule oriented simulation models and multi – agent models. These models are based on economic principles and spatial interactions.Multi-objective optimization models based on the level of neighborhood unit development density consider the requirement of land use allocation. This model decreases the interference the goals of open spaces' development, infill development and land use compatibility in neighborhood units and transaction costs.land use allocation model in multi central areas are the updated structure of the Lawry Putman model that instead of the primary and secondary allocation of employment, presents a different categories which is considered as a special category for transportation modeling. land use allocation model is integrated with the access to public transportation, so, this model combines the allocation models of land use planning with transportation planning models.

watershed prioritization for resources conservation and protection. Watersheds in tropical regions like the Philippines are under threat of degradation due to the combined effects of uncontrolled agricultural activities in the uplands and frequently increasing erosive precipitations brought about by climate change. Watershed managers are challenged with these pressing issues and concerns because most watersheds have no sufficient data as a basis for decision making. This paper presents the method of analyzing the different geomorphometric features and the existing land use or land cover to assess the propensity of the watershed against erosion so that areas needing immediate treatment can be prioritized. Arbitrarily, fourteen subwatersheds coded as SW1 t o SW14 were delineated using a digital elevation model and geographic information system tool. Geomorphometric features categorized as areal aspect, relief features, and channel morphology parameters were generated and analyzed. Parameters having direct and inverse effect to erosion risk were used as the criteria in the ranking process. land use/land cover was added to geomorphometric parameters to come up with compound values for final prioritization. Results showed that SW13, SW14, and SW4 were classified under very high priority implying focus for appropriate management actions while SW10, SW6, and SW7 were classified under very low priority suggesting favorable environmental condition in these areas. The study provides significant information helpful to watershed managers and planners especially in crafting a plan for integrated watershed management wherein programs and projects implementation have to be prioritized.

Objective: The aim of this study is to provide a management plan for the Sykan watershed of Darre shahr city located in Ilam province using GIS in land use planning.Methods: For land using of Sykan watershed of Ilam province with about 9 hectares area, map of classes, elevation, percent slope, geographical aspects, soil characteristics, vegetation density and the final map units were combined using binary and the final map of environmental units was achieved. As a result, 89 environmental units or micro ecosystems were detected. For these micro ecosystems, evaluation of ecological capacity performed in agricultural land, rangeland, forestry, tourism holticulture, animal husbandry, aquatic aquaculture, urban development rural and environmental conservation land use classes and was combined with the social and economic needs of the region. As a result, the classification of land use and land use priorities can be qualitative method of comparative ecological, land use map of the Sykan watershed of Darreh shahr city was prepared.Results: The result show that 43.61% of area was allocated for forestry, 29.96 % for agriculture, 14.31 % for tourism, 6.77 % for pastural, 2.46 % for conservation of environment, 2.05 % for animal husbandry and 0.84 % for aquatic aquaculture. Thus, this area is promoted from 3 to 8 land uses.

In recent decades, rapid changes in land use, especially in coastal areas has been associated with important implications as destruction of natural resources, environmental pollution and … In Tonekabon city, development of physical settlements as a result of rapid population growth, without any planning and environmental considerations lead to the expansion of cities into the vulnerable areas, that if not controlled and correct guidance, will cause destruction of many lands with priority to agricultural lands and their protection will be. The aim of this study was to identify factors and drivers of changes in land use in Tonekabon and also make benefit of Analysis Model of land use conflicts identification Strategic (LUCIS) in determining the user conflicts of the interest area.In this study, the analytical method (Statistical- Spatial) data used in processing and analyzing data using spatial analysis techniques have been combined. After preparing the data layers, weighting and combining them, the results showed that agricultural priority accounted for the largest share in zones without conflict, which was distributed in the western half of the North Strip, on the other hand agricultural- Conservation zones covers over 30 percent of conflict moderate zone and scattered throughout the area. Finally, based on reached results intervention strategies were provided in the framework of an integrated management approach to control and reduce conflict, create compatibility and make Suitability between the land uses with each other and balance of loaded ground.