MODEL-BASED LEAST SQUARES FITTING ANALYSIS OR HARD MODELING IS A SPECIFIC PART OF CHEMOMETRICS, WHICH IS BASED ON MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR DESCRIBING THE MEASUREMENTS [1]. FURTHERMORE, MODEL-BASED ANALYSIS OF COUPLED EQUILIBRIUM-kinetic PROCESSES IS THE COMPUTATION OF THE CONCENTRATIONS OF ALL CHEMICAL SPECIES AS A FUNCTION OF THE PROGRESS OF AN INTERTWINED kineticEQUILIBRIUM CHEMICAL PROCESS. THIS MEANS EQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES HAVE BEEN DIRECTLY INCORPORATED INTO THE RATE LAWS [2]. IN THIS STUDY, WE DEMONSTRATE SEVERAL MODELS, THAT THEY CAN BE APPLIED TO NUMEROUS CHEMICAL MECHANISMS. THERE ARE SEVERAL DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERTWINED kineticEQUILIBRIUM CHEMICAL PROCESSES THAT CAN BE MODELED, COMMON EXAMPLES, MODELED IN THIS WORK, INCLUDE CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEX FORMATION REACTIONS, PH_DEPENDENT DEGRADATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, kinetic OF COMPLEXATION REACTION AT VARIABLE PH AND TAUTOMERIZATION kineticS IN MICELLAR SOLUTIONS. ACTUALLY, WE HAVE RESTRICTED OURSELVES TO CHEMICAL REACTIONS WHERE BOTH EQUILIBRIUM AND kinetic PROCEDURES ARE LINKED WITH EACH OTHER. THE GOAL IS TO DEMONSTRATE HOW THE CONCENTRATIONS OF ALL REACTING SPECIES CAN BE COMPUTED AS A FUNCTION OF TIME FOR ANY REACTION MECHANISM USING THE kinetic DATA. IT IS RELATIVELY STRAIGHTFORWARD TO INCORPORATE AN APPROPRIATE ALGORITHM INTO A GENERAL NON-LINEAR LEAST-SQUARES ROUTINE FOR THE INVESTIGATED DATA. THE CALCULATIONS ARE BASED ON THE KNOWN INITIAL CONCENTRATIONS OF THE COMPONENTS AS WELL AS ALL ESTIMATED RATE AND EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS. AFTER THE DATA FITTING PROCESS, THE OPTIMAL PARAMETERS TOGETHER WITH AN ESTIMATE OF THEIR STANDARD DEVIATIONS HAVE BEEN OBTAINED. SUCH MODELS ALLOW THE FITTING OF THE RATE AS WELL AS THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS. MODEL-BASED ANALYSIS TOGETHER WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF CALCULATING AND INCORPORATING THE EQUILIBRIUM AND kinetic PARAMETERS INTO THE FITTING ALGORITHM HAS ALLOWED THE COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX REACTION MECHANISMS. THIS IS THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF ALL OF THESE LINKED REACTIONS, THEIR kinetic CONSTANTS, AND THUS THEIR EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS. THIS STUDY OPENS UP A PROMISING NEW AVENUE FOR OBTAINING EQUILIBRIUM AND kinetic CONSTANTS, SIMULTANEOUSLY, USING THE SAME kinetic DATA.

INTRODUCTION: TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TIO2) PHOTOCATALYSIS HAS BECOME AN INTERESTING FIELD OF RESEARCH GRUP [1]. WHEN AN INCIDENT PHOTON IS ABSORBED BY TIO2, ELECTRON IS EXCITED FROM THE VALENCE BAND TO THE CONDUCTION BAND AND CREATED POSITIVE HOLE IN THE VALENCE BAND. THE HOLE IS CAPABLE OF OXIDIZING MANY ADSORBED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OVER TIO2 HAS BEEN WIDELY STUDIED AS AN EFFICIENT TECHNIQUE FOR WATER AND AIR PURIFICATION [2]. THIS IS BECAUSE A VARIETY OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS CAN BE DEGRADED OVER IRRADIATION OF TIO2.

THERE HAVE BEEN A VARIETY OF ARCHITECTURAL SCALES AND APPLICATIONS FOR USING kinetic SYSTEMS IN ARCHITECTURE IN THE PAST AND IS CONTINUING TO BE USED TODAY. DUE TO ADVANCEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY; ITS APPLICATION HAS BECOME MORE PRACTICAL IN ARCHITECTURE. MORE OF IT CAN BE FOUND IN THE TWENTIETH AND TWENTY-FIRST CENTURIES. IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY, kinetic SYSTEMS WERE MORE THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF SCIENCE, BUT IN THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY, DUE TO IMPROVEMENTS IN VARIOUS FIELDS SUCH AS MECHANICS, ELECTRONICS AND ROBOTICS, CREATING kinetic BUILDINGS BECAME MORE PRACTICAL AND POPULAR. THIS PAPER AIMS TO INTRODUCE THE CONCEPT OF kinetic AS A NOVEL APPROACH IN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, AND REVIEW ITS HISTORY IN ARCHITECTURE FROM THE PAST TO THE PRESENT. THE METHOD IS A DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTICAL STUDY THAT, AFTER CONSIDERING ALL KINDS OF kineticS, CONCLUDES WITH AN ANALYSIS OF ITS FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS. TODAY, THE kinetic APPROACH IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN CAN LEAD TO THE CREATION OF FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES THAT RESPOND TO THEIR OCCUPANTS, MEET MORE NEEDS AS WELL AS PROVIDE SOLUTIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND URBAN ISSUES. kinetic SYSTEMS, WITH THEIR LIVING STRUCTURES, SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN FUTURE DESIGNS, SO THAT BY INTERACTING WITH THEIR OCCUPANTS AND ENVIRONMENT, THEY COULD LEAD TO THE CREATION OF MORE EFFICIENT LIVING SPACES.