This cross-sectional descriptive research has been fullfilled to evaluate cancers abundance as well as Their effective Factors in ilam during 1997-2000. in This research 459 cases were studied using checklist. The studied patients were those referred to the pathological centers throughout the province and some other neighbour citgies.The results implied that the most prevalent cancers were observed among the patients aged 60 and over.59.5% of cases with cancers were male and 40.5% were female. G.I. tract was considered the most prevalent place affected by the disease.The highest pathologcal abundance went first for adenocarcinoma (27.3%) and second for squamous cell carcinoma.There was not significant correlation between cancer and residential place.