When the density current smashes into the lower dense fluid mass a plunge region will occur. Since the plunge depth bounds between density current and ambient fluid, determining of this point is important. In this research, the hydraulic parameters of density current and bed slope of stagnant fluid were investigated. To achieve the purpose of this research a physical model was built in the hydraulic laboratory of Shahid Chamran University (SCU) and various experiments were performed. In the experiments, the plunge depth at the different discharge of density current and density difference 6, 9, 13 and 16 kg/m3 at three slopes 8, 12 and 16% was measured. Then using Flow-3D under RNG turbulence model, plunge depth was simulated for the same experimental condition. The comparison of results obtained showed that the predicted plunge depth with Flow-3D under RNG turbulence model had a high and satisfactory accuracy. Finding showed that for the 8% bed slope, the results of RNG turbulence model 14% was more than experimental data. While, for the entire slope, the results of RNG turbulence model was predicted 10.5% in average more than measured data. Generally, the statistical investigations showed that the RNG turbulence model with satisfactory precision estimated the plunge point depth.

The effects of two isolates of Pasteuria penetrans were evaluated on root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita-R2 on two month seedlings of Badamiriz pistachio cultivar. Two experiments were carried out with two concentrations of endospores of PA and PNG isolates (104 & 6.4×105 endospores/g soil) and cadusafos (50 Mg/1500 g soil) in a Randomized Complete Block Design in green house condition were planted in pot and treatments were applied at seedling stage (4-6 leaf). 80 days after planting the seedlings were removed from soil and all stages of nematodes were extracted and counted in roots and soils. The results showed that the PA isolate with 104 endospores/g soil was the best treatment in decreasing 88.8٪ of the final population of M. incognita-R2 in comparison with control, also PNG isolate with 6.4×105 endospores/g soil was the best treatment after nematicide in decreasing 71.2% of the final population of M. javanica when compared with control.

The effects of irrigation periods and fertilizer nitrogen rates on population of black bean aphid were studied in sugar beet fields of Isfahan University of Technology for two years. Experiments were carried out as splitplot in a complete randomized block design with four replications.Irrigation factor in three levels (100%, 75% and 50% plant water requierment in 2005 and irrigation after 70, 105 and 140 mm cumulative evaporation from class A pan in 2006) and nitrogen fertilizer in three levels (200, 150 and 100 kg/ha net nitrogen in both years) were allocated to main and subplots respectively. Pest population was assessed by weekly sampling. The highest mean population of black bean aphid was observed in 100% irrigation treatment in the first year and in irrigation after 70 mm evaporation treatment in the second year and in 200 kg/ha nitrogen treatment in both years. As irrigation cycle doubled in 200 kg/ha net nitrogen treatment, population of black bean aphid increased by 177.9 times.

Persian leek (Allium ampeloprasum Taree group) has a special place in Iraninan's food chain. Many accessions by different characteristics have been cultivated and adapted in different regions of Iran. In order to investigate the breeding of this vegetable, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. For this purpose, 7 accessions of Persian leeks were selected. Various growth regulator componds2, 4 D at 0, 2 and 4 mg/lit and BA with 0, 2 and 4 mg/l were used in culture medium. The treatments were done on unopened flowers' umbrella and embryogenesis, regeneration and callus percentages of micro samples and the number of haploid plants were measured. The results indicated that Shadegan accessions in culture medium including 4 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l D-4, 2 had the highest Percentage of embryogenesis (12. 81 %) and regeneration (12. 6%). The highest percentage of callus (0. 51%) and lowest percentage of callus (0. 16%) have been observed in arak and shadegan accession, respectively. Out of 42525 flowers cultivated, 1001 embryo (2. 35%), 972 regenerate (97. 1%) and 946 plants (94. 5%) have survived. Eventually, seven haploid plants were observed. The highest number of haploid was observed in culture medium with 4 mg /liters BA and 2 mg/liters 2. 4. D. in Guilan accession.

Background and objectives: Endometrial tissue growth and its activity outside the uterus cause endometriosis. It has been suggested that various epigenetic deviations play a major role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1; NR5A1) is an essential transcription factor for estrogen biosynthesis in endometrial cells. The expression of SF-1 in endometriosis and lack of expression in normal endometrium is primarily determined by its promoter methylation. Here, we aimed to compare the methylation status of the SF-1 gene promoter region in women with endometriosis in comparison to healthy subjects. Methods: In the present case– control study, DNA was extracted from 25 endometrial tissue samples from women with endometriosis and 5 normal post-hysterectomy endometrium tissues which were collected from Tabriz hospitals including Vali-e-Asr, Taleghani, 29 Bahman and Shams in 2016. The obtained DNA samples were subjected to Bisulfite-treatment. Finally, the status of SF-1gene promoter methylation was evaluated by methylation specific PCR method. Statistical analyses including descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using tables, bar charts by statistical software SPSS version 20 and independence test. Results: The methylation status of SF-1 gene promoter was decreased significantly in endometriosis samples (P<0. 05). Conclusion: SF-1 gene promoter hypomethylation could increase the relative expression of SF-1 gene in endometriosis which may lead to the development or progression of the disease.

Introduction: during Iran-Iraq war about 40000 veterans and civilians were captured by Iraqis government. The aim of this survey was to assess employment problems and issues in the prisoners of war after about 20 years of returning.Methods: This qualitave study was based on focus-group discussion in Iranian prisoners of war after returning. The 7 meeting was held to understand the types and consequences of the prisoner’s reentry problems. 10 prisoners of war were invited to participate in the study. The problems were listed by using brain storming. Then the problems were categorized. In order to prioritize the problems each prisoner handicapped the problems from 1-10. The highest scores considered as the most important problems.Results: The mean age of the cases was 47 with the age range of 41-55 years. Duration of capturing was between 48-118 months. The most common employment problems was early retirement, unemployment but receiving complete pension, lack of regulatory system about prisoner of war employment laws and less informed prisoner of war on existent employment laws, respectively.Conclusion: The results this study revealed that the prisoner of war face different types employment and unemployment problems. It is important to accomplish a further study in order to assess the magnitude of this finding.

In order to obtain a repeatable, and reliable method for production of teleomorph (the perfect state) and sporulating of Rhizoctonia isolates, five techniques were used: soil- over lay on culture media, transferring from nutrient- rich to nutrient- poor media, inoculation on stem of plant, use of fungistatic material( agar with a fungicide) and fruiting on water surface. In this research, seventeen multinucleate isolates of R. solani belonging to eleven Anastomosis groups (AG) and nine isolates from different hosts have been used. The perfect stage consisted typically of small botryose clusters of spore- producing basidium and basidiospore were formed in isolates belonging to AG-3, AG-1, AG-4 (from USA) and subgroup AG-1-I-C by use of transferring from a rich nutrient agar (primary growth media) to nutritionally poor agar (sporulation media) method and only under light - dark period (12h light and 12h dark) conditions. Other AGs did not display the basidial stage under this condition. Sporulating basidial clusters were produced and scattered on and within medium, sometimes on the glass sides and Petri dish. Basidiospore began developing approximately 12 to 17 days after transfer and was lasted for 14- 16 days, On the basis of fruiting body (basidium and basidiospore) characteristics,these isolates were confirmed to be Thanatephorus cucumeris. AG-1-I-C isolates were able to produce more amounts of hymenia and basidiospores (basidial clusters) compared to the others. Hymenia were induced on TWA media but no fruiting occurred on SEA. This successful method was repeatable and during 3 trials, basidiospore was observed in all of the four isolates. In other methods, basidium like structures from profuse branching of the hyphae, production of monilial cells and dense growth of fungi were observed but no basidiospore was found.