Exploration of groundwater resources requires recognition of regions and their potential sources. Because of high importance in the karstic regions and their significant role in providing needed water, efforts to explore new sources of Karst, is inevitable. Checking discontinuities is always an important issue in karst studies. Because of high discontinuities in rock masses, permeable areas will be created, they cause appropriate groundwater paths to flow. Recognition of these regions is possible through geophysical methods based on physical characteristics of these areas such as density or resistivity. Using geophysical methods in water and geotechnical methods has less history to oil field investigations and mining exploration, but has been accelerated in recent years. In this research we have tried to investigate the usage of various geophysical methods, such as how to detect and identify underground water using these methods. We can noted of  geophysical applied methods for groundwater potentiometric such as geoelectric methods, ground penetrating radar, electromagnetic, gravitometry, magnetic and seismic surveys.

In this paper, the results of recent archaeological studies in Neyshabour, Iran, by the application of Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Induced polarization (IP) methods have been presented. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness and suitability of these techniques in detecting of the buried archaeological structures and remains in Iran and other similar sites that were mostly constructed out of adobe, mud brick. Several geoelectrical profiles were conducted in addition to IP and ER experiments on the samples and the test profile. The test profile was performed over an adobe-made wall outcrop. This work shows that these methods are so effective and useful for investigating of structures like walls, furnaces and pavements which their materials contain a large amount of clay.

One of the suitable & affordable methods for detecting karstic zones is geoelectric method. Geoelectric is one of the geophysical field operations, which is designed based on the transmission of electrical current into the ground, creating a potential difference between two points and calculating specific resistance of the ground in different depths. In this method, exploratory studies are carried out based on the standards for the resistance of different soil and rocks, as well as the electrical resistance values of materials such as water, metals, cavities, etc. In this research, in order to identify the karstic zones containing water in the Roniz plain in the west of Estahban, 97 electrical sounding were utilized using Schlumberger array and a maximum flow transmitter length of 300 m. After processing the data, Geological sections were prepared and analyzed. Finally, determined the hydraulic gradient of aquifer from west to east, based on specifying the saturated karsted zone in A2 sounding with a thickness of 140 meters at a depth of 260 meters has an electrical resistance of 100 to 150 ohms and at the place of D2 sounding at a depth of 150 meters with an electrical resistance of less than 100 ohms has 80 M thickness. That means, although the only seasonal river in this plain is near the D2 sounding, and therefore the rate of surface water in this area is at its highest, the maximum thickness of the subsurface aquifer is in the eastern part.

Introduction: In most cases, faults can be detected by signs; however, in many cases, the outcrops of these structures have not reached the surface of the earth, or deposits have been buried with evidence and indications. Such conditions, although the surface of the earth's crust on both sides of the fault is displaced and drifting up or down, however, the surface out crop of the fault is not observed at the ground or is limited to stacks and mild folds in sections along the fault. To identify these types of faults, geophysical methods, CO2 and soil radon measurements, seismic reflections and electrical imaging, lidar, penetrating ground radar or air geophysics can be used. Researchers who have studied the buried faults of the earth's crust have generally used geophysical methods. According to Giving and colleagues, the results of aerial geophysical data in order to identify hidden faults, if accompanied with evidence of geomorphology and topographic data, have higher scientific value. In this research, the aim is to find hidden faults through geomorphic interpretation methods. Methodology: Among the areas where active tectonics and faults have been buried and the river sediments have buried their works, the east of Kermanshah province is in the Harsin and Bisetoon plain. First, geological maps and topography, geomorphology, and geostructral were explored and interpreted. Based on the hypothesis of the separation of the Shirez anticlinal from the nape as one of the geostructural and morphotectonic evidence, and the flow of the Gamasyaw river and the morphology of the Tsetonic plain of Harsin, the overall boundary of the hidden faults was identified and mapped to geology. In the next step, by studying the data of aeromagnetism and the use of return-to-pole filters, vertical derivatives, analytical signal and tilt, a more precise location of the faults was maped. Then, on the 4 main faults identified, 5 sections of VLF As and Mg As were taken and the results of the previous steps were verified using the geoelectric method. Results and discussion: What is obtained from the results of a total of three methods used to identify hidden faults is a number of faults that have been scattered across the region. The first fault in the almost west to east direction from west of the Taqbostan elevations in the north of Kermanshah plain extends over the Taqbostan elevations, and after passing on the Prao and Bisetoon elevations, with the shift of direction from southwest to northeast to Barnaj, and from there with change the almost east-easterly direction enters the plain and continues in the south of the Khaneh-khode mountain, and after passing through the Sahneh plain, it again extends to the north-east by changing the trend. Between the Bisetoon elevations to the Sahneh plain, 5 faults along the north-south direction extend approximately from the first fault to the shores of the Shirez anticlinal. These faults have been driven by the sliding motion. Another fault that seems to play an important role in the region's morphology and history of geomorphology in the region has started from west of Kermanshah and in the south of the Paro elevations it continues along the southeast to the Harsin plain. Comparison of the results of the three stages of the research showed that what the aeromagnetism and geoelectrics identified as faults, geomorphology, with a small spatial variation, and a negligible distance, as a fault that must exist to justify the region's morphology had identified. Geomorphology is largely capable of treating anomalies and movements caused by faults that are sometimes detected in the field by interpreting geospatial maps and analyzing the geostructural of the area along with simultaneous surveys of geomorphic, topographic, satellite images and remote sensing maps that geologists can not be identified. What is certain is that the effect of hidden faults in the region's morphology is observed only in some areas where the effect of the fault has reached the surface directly and in the expected form; otherwise, in the identification and tracing of the hidden fault by geomorphology, we must look for indirect effects and the effects of long-term faults on morphology, especially geostructural, on a larger scale than the usual methods of morphotectonic studies. It can be said that geomorphology can be successful in finding hidden faults that it has a comprehensive view on geotechnical and past geographic of region. In fact, a thorough examination of the geomorphological nature of the forms is based on the interpretation of the function of the faults, in particular the hidden faults, which themselves sometimes lead to the finding of hidden faults.