The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sports fans' enthusiasm model in Iranian Women's Basketball. The present study is a descriptive correlational study based on structural equation modeling, and in terms of purpose is considered as an applied study. The data of this study were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the fans of the Iranian Women's Basketball Premier League. Due to the uncertainty of the number of fans, according to Morgan's table, the statistical sample size was 384 people selected as the statistical sample. In this study, the fans' enthusiasm, intention to refer, and purchase intention, identification with the team and the expression of emotions, and positive emotions questionnaires were used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that positive emotions on participation management, socially desirable behaviors and performance tolerance in sports fans, identifying with the team on participation management, socially desirable behaviors and performance tolerance of sports fans and showing emotions on participation management, socially desirable behaviors and performance tolerance and participation management, and socially desirable behaviors and performance tolerance had a significant effect on purchase intention. Participation management was significant with negative intention to referring, and the effect of socially desirable behaviors with positive intention to referring were significant. Hence, it can be seen that factors such as engaging emotions, managing participation, and aligning the identities of the fans and their favorite team play a significant role in the enthusiasm of the fans and also the continuation of this process.

The purpose of this study was to consider the condition of physical education course in Yazd province, Iran. Participants include physical education teachers, physical education experts of the Ministry of Education, and male or female administrators of guidance schools and high schools in Yazd province. The number of participants (n=333) was assessed using the Gergesay-Morgan Table. Four questionnaires and an assessment inventory were used to evaluate personal characteristics and attitudes of participants toward different aspects of context in which physical education lessons occurred. After the validity and reliability of questionnaires were insured by experts (Cronbach's alpha 0.71-0.90), SPSS software was used to analyze data. Statistical test were Man- Witney U, Kruskal_Wallis, One_sample T test and Spearman correlation coefficient. The results indicate that subjects believe increasing the time specified to each person in physical education and students with physical education textbooks are priorities fro promoting the level of physical education in schools. There was a significant difference between attitudes of male and female physical education teachers and also between that of teachers of guidance schools and high schools (P>0.05). The difference between outdoor areas specified to physical education in guidance schools and high schools in the Yazd province and that of the country was significant (P>0.05). Generally, the volume of space for physical activity in Yazd proving in better than that of the country (2 m2 outdoor space and 0.056 m2 indoor space for each student).

Schadenfreude has been defined as the enjoyment of others’ misery; a kind of happiness from malice, which one acquires when one learns that others are lucky or experiencing a setback. The purpose of this study was to analyze the experiences of Sulaymaniyah football team fans regarding the theory of happiness from the Erbil team's discomfort in Iraq. An interview was conducted with the fans who had lived experiences (N = 18) and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings showed that several factors affect schadenfreude, such as political and governmental problems, managerial weaknesses of responsible people, past problems, and discrimination between teams. The findings extend the theory of social identity theory. According to the results, the managers of the teams and the officials of the Kurdistan Region in Iraq can provide the ground for reducing the happiness of the opponent's team with proper management and non-partisanship of the teams. Research in the field of schadenfreude can reduce the problems of advocacy and the wrong decisions of managers and officials and contribute to equality in this field.

Alluvial fans are concerned to geomprhology because of their soil fertility, surface& groundwater availability and attractiveness for human settlements. Genetic processes and changing trend of fans are important from the geomorphic point of view. Morphometric and geomorphic data, inferred by field surveys, aerial photos & satellite images, artographic measurements in the study area (Gamasiab basin in west of IRAN between Zagros mountains), used in statistical analysis and some geomorphologic inferences have made based on the analysis. The study shows that: a) international researchers" equations presented for relation between fans" basins and cone extent, approved in the study area too, b) fans" longitudinal profile & extent in the study area affected by tectonic activities and, c) lithology of fans catchment basin have obvious correlations to form & extent of alluvial fans.

Criminology intends, identify the causes of genesis of violence, as one of the care issues itself, to control the damage caused by violence in the light of this study the question is about the violence of soccer fans and the factors influencing it on the basis of research questions Criminology of violence, by football fans, it has many criminology dimensions. 1. Violence of football fans is more legally defined in terms of crimes against property and verbal violence; 2. The role of sociological and environmental factors, such as economic factors and situations. is more pronounced in the area of violent altitude of fanatics, as assumptions of research. Different theories in the area of life and society and cognitive society are presented in this regard. In Iran, the type and guilty of this, violence is not, comparable to that of the countries, of the world. However, it is not denied and as a deviate is some cases it takes a criminal color. The present study was conducted on one the methodology of the library and the media combined and integrated among 386 spectators and supports of Esteghlal and Perspolis teams. The findings show that the reasons for violence between, spectators go back to sociological and psychological, issues. Issues such as age, income, leisure time, adaptation of the goals and control and supervision of transportation vehicles and facilities of the stadium along with the views of Clarck and Robert Merton and the special features of the Iranian community can be combined as well as in dependent in the criminology of violence among football fans in Iran. The level of family control, the economic and social base has a significant negative effect and the history of fights, strife, failure and smoking and the criminal record between friends and relatives and criminal record and collective and group depart true, has a positive and significant impact on the violence of the football spectators of the Esteghlal and Perspolis teams of violence.

Segmented fans are one of the arid morpho-climatic system landforms that have drawn a significant attention among many researchers. Various results have been reported by workers studying landforms across the globe. Segmented fans are identified by different specifications such as topographic position, drainage pattern, incision depth, nature of soil profile and desert varnish to other alluvial fans. The goal of this study was to assess effective factors controlling the evolution of segmented fans. In this study, aerial photographs and topographic and geological maps in various scales were used. In addition, mountain front sinuosity, valley floor width to valley height ratio and NUVEL 1 a model were used to assess tectonic activity. The results showed that the evolution of segmented fans in Sirjan playa depended upon tectonic activity as well as climatic changes in which the role of the former seems to be much more important than the latter. In fact, continued down-lift and up-lift of Urumyeh-Dokhtar mountainous region has created the segmented fans in Sirjan playa. Despite this situation, climatic changes during arid and humid periods had a second role in the evolution of alluvial fans. Surface is considered, much more important factor than change of location of sediment assimilation thus creating new fans.

This study investigated the impact of active tectonics, specifically the Dorubeh fault and an oblique-slip reverse fault, on the morphology of alluvial fans situated between Kashmar City and Ali Abad Keshmar Village in Bardaskan. The research employed a cartographic-analytical approach, utilizing 1:25,000 topographical maps, 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 geological maps, Landsat satellite images, and Google Earth. Mapping and image processing were conducted using such software as ArcMap, ArcView, Google Earth, and QGIS. The results demonstrated that fault activity plays a crucial role in shaping the predominant geomorphic features within this region, specifically the formation of alluvial fans known as bajada. The oblique-slip reverse fault, specifically, has induced significant modifications in the alluvial fans. It has repositioned the primary channels from central to peripheral and lateral positions, leading to alterations in sediment deposition patterns. Consequently, certain alluvial fans now intersect at three transverse surfaces and two longitudinal and transverse surfaces. The Doruneh fault’s activity is characterized by the manifestation of uplifts, pressure ridges, and pressure anticlines occurring at various sections within the alluvial fans, including the upper, lower, and basal regions. This fault caused left-lateral offsets in certain sub-channels on the fan's surface, resulting in the development of single-surface and nested two-surface transverse and longitudinal alluvial fans at the base of the fan and the base of the pressure ridges. Furthermore, it modified the point of intersection of the primary alluvial channels, leading to the formation of segmented fans downstream of Doruneh fault.

Karaj Formation crops out in a very large area in Central Alborz. This formation is middle Eocene in age and mainly formed of green-tuffites and marine shales. According to field observation, this formation consists of heterogeneous assemblage of tuff, tuffite, various sedimentary rocks and some type of lava.Field data on depositional environment of Karaj volcaniclastic sequence indicate that some parts of this thick sequence in study area were mainly formed in a deep to semi-deep environment. Vertical and horizontal variations of facies and sedimentary structures such as graded bedding, slumping, convolute bedding, flute cast and... indicate that turbidity currents and mass flows have an essential role in the genesis of some parts of the Karaj Formation, being responsible for transporting of shallow depth (shelf) pyroclastic products.Submarine channels which filled by massive sediments and olistolites (F facies) are associated with upward thinning and fining sequences on their tops. Main part of shales of the Karaj Formation were formed as pelagic and hemipellagic shales (G facies), in northern parts of the study area. Upward thinning and thickening sequence, and also complete or incomplete Bouma sequences (A-E facies) are abundant in Karaj Formation. Collected data shows that Karaj Formation depositional environment is submarine fan. Data related to paleocurrent directions shows a south to northward one.