Background and Aim The concept of resilience has been recently extensively considered concerning sports studies; accordingly, in most qualitative studies, it has been used to explore the attitudes of coaches, athletes, and sports psychologists. In this regard, the present study aimed to determine resilience in athletic students based on dark triad personality and psychological wellbeing. Methods & Materials This was a descriptive and correlational study. The population of the study consisted of all male students of Guilan University of Physical Education in the first semester of the academic year 2019-2020. A sample of 200 individuals was selected by convenience sampling method; then, the required data were collected using Sheard et al. ’ s (2009) Resilience Scale for Adults, Jonsson and Webster’ s dark Triad Personality Questionnaire, and Ryff’ s 18-item Psychological Wellbeing Scale (1989). The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by Research Ethics Committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR. GUMS. REC. 1398. 121). Results The present research results suggested a positive and significant correlation between the resilience of the examined athletic students and narcissism (r=0. 495, P<0. 001), self-acceptance (r=0. 598, P<0. 001), purposefulness in life (r=0. 556, P<0. 001), personal growth (r=0. 648, P<0. 001), the mastery of the environment (r=0. 645, P<0. 001), positive correlation with others (r=0. 569, P<0. 001), and independence (r=0. 381, P<0. 001). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between antisocial behavior (r=-0. 557, P<0. 001) and Machiavelli’ s aspect (r=-0. 604, P<0. 001), and the explored students’ resilience. Additionally, multiple regression analysis data revealed that dark triad personality and psychological wellbeing predict 62% of resilience in the study subjects. Conclusion The current investigation results signified a significant correlation between dark triad personality and psychological wellbeing, and resilience in athletic students. Accordingly, educators and teachers need to pay more attention to the role of psychological wellbeing and different dimensions of athletes’ personalities for promoting the health and performance of students.

Background: Management personality is one of the critical factors influencing their behavior in performing earnings management (EM). As a result, the dark (negative) personality dimensions can play an effective role in earnings management. On the other hand, ethical leadership can act as a moderating factor; this research measures the effect of ethical leadership style on reducing dark personality dimensions (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism) of effective person in earnings management. Method: The present applied research uses descriptive-survey method and the correlation approach. The statistical population of this study is companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and Iran Fara Bourse (IFB) from 2011 to 2019 and based on some limitations 77 companies used in this research for testing the hypotheses. And standard questionnaires of dark personality and ethical leadership and financial statement data have been used. Also, the multiple regression test and structural equations model used. the data were analyzed using R 3. 1. 2 and Lisrel 8. 8 software. Results: The results show that most of the effective persons in earnings management are the CEOs of companies. The results also indicate a positive relationship between ethical leadership and dark personality dimensions (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism). Conclusion: The results indicate a positive relationship between ethical leadership and the dimensions of the dark personality; This is due to the closeness of dimension of "Narcissism" to the issues of intrinsic leadership, and on the other hand, this issue could be considered close to the perspective of the person involved in earnings management and supervisors and lack of belief in ethical supervision and leadership.

Background: Masking dark tooth structure or darkness of oral cavity with ceramic restorations is an important concern. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum thickness of a multilayer all‑, ceramic restoration (IPS‑, emax Press) required for a proper masking in these situations. Materials and Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, 36 multilayer ceramic disks of IPS e. max Press (IvoclarVivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with the diameter of 13 mm were prepared and allocated in six groups of different core/veneer thicknesses: 0. 4/0. 4 mm (G1), 0. 5/0. 5 mm (G2), 0. 6/0. 6 mm (G3), 0. 8/0. 7 mm (G4), 1. 0/0. 8 mm (G5), and 1. 1/0. 9 mm (G6). For backgrounds, the standard black tile of spectrophotometer (B) was used to stimulate the darkness of oral cavity, and an opaque ceramic (OC) of IPS‑, emax Press (OC) was fabricated to determine the masking ability. CIELAB values of all disks on B and OC backgrounds were measured, and Δ, E was calculated between two backings. One‑, way ANOVA and post hoc tukey test were used to analyze the data. Δ, E ≤, 3. 3 and P < 0. 05 were considered, respectively, as the clinically acceptable limit and the level of statistical significancy. Results: The mean Δ, E between B and OC of groups 4 (2. 83 ±,0. 80) and 5 (1. 46 ±,0. 36) were within the range of the clinically acceptable color difference (Δ, E ≤, 3. 3),thus these groups could properly mask the black background. A trend was existed in the results as by increasing the thickness, Δ, E was decreased. Conclusion: A thickness of 1. 5 mm of a multilayer ceramic restoration (IPS e. max Press) is required to mask a dark discoloration.

The purpose of this study is to explain the model of strategic organizational citizenship behavior based on its dark sides. Therefore, it has been tried to help reduce the theoretical gap of organizational citizenship behavior by examining the dark sides of OCB and, by identifying them at different levels, the conceptual model of the identified harmful effects has been presented along with practical solutions for avoiding these dark sides. Thus, organizational citizenship behavior has been developed by introducing strategies based on the presented solutions. By doing so, a set of the existing body of knowledge was developed, which was considered as a fundamental research of a qualitative type. Therefore, a hybrid model was applied as a research strategy and a qualitative method of content analysis along with expert interviews were extracted the concepts and to modify the model. The findings present three categories of prescriptive strategies by the side of the main OCB model to avoid the dark sides that formed the concept of Strategic Organizational Citizenship Behavior or OCB+S.

Water, environment, food and energy are vital resources for human beings; Therefore, creating sustainable security in these interconnected resources is very important. In this research, a solution called Mini Energetic dark Greenhouse (MEDG) is introduced and its components are described. The impact of this system on various areas of urban management is also explained. This approach can simultaneously help to increase the sustainable security of water, environment, food and energy in the framework of the water, environment, food and energy nexus in urban life. Mini Energetic dark Greenhouse (MEDG) is used on a home scale. For this system, economic analysis has been done from two perspectives of investors and households in Tehran and costs and revenues have been calculated from these two perspectives. According to the calculations made, the cumulative profit and loss of this system at the end of each year is presented from these two perspectives. From the investor’ s point of view, this system has a payback period of about 5 years. From the perspective of Tehran households, this system has a return on investment of less than 4 years.

Objective Given the prevalence of addiction and its adverse consequences in society, there is a need to conduct research to identify the effective factors on addiction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of schema modes and dark triad traits of personality in addiction potential. Method A sample of 120 juvenile offenders convicted in Ardabil prisons in 2017 was selected by convenience sampling method. The subjects were analyzed by Schema Modes Questionnaire and dark triad traits of personality questionnaires and Addiction Potential Scale. Results The results showed that the factors of schema modes, antisocial personality, narcissistic personality and machiavellianismhad the highest effect on addiction potential with 0. 478, 0. 442,-0. 353 and 0. 331, respectively. This impact is positive for schema modes, antisocial personality, and Machiavellianism, and negative for narcissistic personality factors. Conclusion Although schema mode components and dark triad personality traits have an effect on addiction potential, but considering the impact coefficient, dark triad traits of personality have a prominent role in addiction potential.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious medical condition that affects annually year more than 2 million people worldwide. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the number of dark neurons induced by TBI in the parieto-temporal cortex.Materials and Methods: LPS (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) was injected i.p. to rats 5 days before induction of TBI in the parieto-temporal cortex. Using toluidine blue staining, we evaluated the number of dark neurons in the hippocampus in sham and LPS preconditioned rats 4 and 12 hours after the trauma.Results: The increase in dark neurons was significantly higher after 4 h of trauma compared to 12 h after TBI. LPS preconditioning significantly decreased the mean number of dark neurons in the hippocampus. In LPS preconditioned rats the mean number of dark neurons was also significantly higher 4 hours after trauma compared to 12 h after TBI.Conclusion: These data indicate that hippocampal cellular damage produced during the first hours after induction of TBI. This cellular damage could be prevented by administration of LPS.